摘 要：《罪与罚》作为俄国文学巨匠陀思妥耶夫斯基的代表作，以其独特的叙事视角和深刻的心理描写，揭示了人性的复杂性和道德的困境，对后世文学产生了深远的影响。随着文学理论和批评方法的不断发展，对《罪与罚》的研究也日益深入。本文旨在通过详细分析小说中的叙事视角与心理描写，探讨其如何共同作用于小说的主题深化、人物塑造及艺术效果的实现。同时，本文也关注这些元素如何反映陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作思想、时代背景以及他对人性、道德和存在主义的深刻洞察。本文深入分析了陀思妥耶夫斯基《罪与罚》中的叙事视角与心理描写，探讨了第三人称全知视角与主人公自我视角的切换如何构建复杂的叙事结构，以及这些视角变化对小说主题深化的作用。同时，文章还剖析了心理描写的多种手法，如意识流、梦境与幻觉、内心独白等，揭示了它们如何共同作用于人物性格的塑造和内心世界的展现。通过本研究，我们不仅能够更深入地理解《罪与罚》的文学价值和艺术魅力，还能窥见陀思妥耶夫斯基对人性、道德和存在主义的独特思考。
关键词：陀思妥耶夫斯基；罪与罚；叙事视角；心理描写
Analysis of the narrative perspective and psychological desc ription in Crime and Punishment
英文人名
Directive teacher:×××
Abstract：Crime and Punishment, as the representative work of Russian literature giant Dostoevsky, reveals the complexity of human nature and moral dilemma with its unique narrative perspective and profound psychological desc ription, and has a profound influence on the literature of later generations. With the continuous development of literary theory and critical methods, the study of Crime and Punishment is becoming more and more thorough. This paper aims to discuss how it works together to deepen the theme, shape the characters and realize the artistic effect of the novel. At the same time, this article also focuses on how these elements reflect Dostoyevsky's creative ideas, historical background, and his profound insight into humanity, morality and existentialism. This paper analyzes in depth the narrative perspective and psychological desc ription in Dostoyevsky's Crime and Punishment, and discusses how the switch between the third person perspective and the self's perspective of the protagonist constructs a complex narrative structure, and the role of these perspective changes on the deepening of the theme of the novel. At the same time, the article also analyzes a variety of psychological desc ription techniques, such as stream of consciousness, dreams and hallucinations, inner monologue, etc., revealing how they work together in the shaping of characters and the display of the inner world. Through this study, we can not only have a deeper understanding of the literary value and artistic charm of Crime and Punishment, but also have a glimpse of Dostoyevsky's unique thinking on human nature, morality and existentialism.
Key words: Dostoyevsky; Crime and punishment; Narrative perspective; Psychological desc ription
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景和意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状 1
二、《罪与罚》简介 1
（一）陀思妥耶夫斯基的创作背景与思想体系 1
（二）作品中的存在主义与道德哲学探讨 1
三、叙事视角的多维度分析 2
（一）第三人称全知视角的运用 2
（二）主人公自我视角的切换 2
（三）多视角交织下的复杂叙事结构 2
（四）叙事视角变化对主题深化的作用 3
四、叙事视角与心理描写的互动研究 3
（一）心理描写的深度剖析 3
（二）叙事视角与心理描写的互动 4
五、对后世作品的影响 6
（一）对后世叙事理论的启示 6
（二）在现代小说中的应用与演变 7
（三）对心理描写技术的传承与发展 7
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 8
