园林植物病虫害防治的生态化策略

园林植物病虫害防治的生态化策略

摘  要

随着城市化进程的加快，园林植物作为城市绿化的重要组成部分，不仅美化了城市环境，还承担着净化空气、调节气候等重要生态功能。然而，园林植物病虫害问题日益严重，不仅影响了植物的正常生长和观赏价值，还威胁到了城市的生态平衡和可持续发展。传统的化学防治方法虽然见效快，但长期使用易导致病虫害抗药性增强、环境污染加剧等问题。探索生态化防治策略，实现园林植物病虫害的绿色防控，成为当前园林管理领域的重要课题。本文旨在探讨园林植物病虫害的生态化防治策略，首先概述了园林植物病虫害的定义、分类、发生规律与特点，以及其对园林植物生长、观赏价值和生态功能的影响。随后，深入分析了生态化防治策略的理论基础，包括生态系统理论、生物多样性理论、害虫综合治理理论和可持续发展理论。在此基础上，本文提出了生态化防治策略的具体措施，包括植物检疫与抗病育种、农业与栽培管理措施、生物防治技术以及物理与化学防治的补充。这些措施旨在通过综合运用生态学原理和现代科技手段，实现园林植物病虫害的绿色防控，促进园林植物的健康生长和城市的可持续发展。

关键词：园林植物;病虫害;生态化防治


Abstract

With the acceleration of the urbanization process, garden plants, as an important part of urban greening, not only beautify the urban environment, but also undertake the important ecological functions such as air purification and climate regulation. However, the problem of garden plant diseases and insect pests is increasingly serious, which not only affects the normal growth and ornamental value of plants, but also threatens the ecological balance and sustainable development of cities. Although the traditional chemical control methods are effective, long-term use is easy to lead to the resistance of diseases and pests, environmental pollution and other problems. Exploring ecological prevention and control strategies and realizing the green prevention and control of garden plant diseases and insect pests have become an important topic in the field of garden management. This paper aims to explore the ecological control strategies of garden plant pests, first summarizing the definition, classification, occurrence rules and characteristics of garden plant pests, as well as their effects on the growth, ornamental value and ecological function of garden plants. Subsequently, the theoretical basis of ecological control strategies was deeply analyzed, including ecosystem theory, biodiversity theory, integrated pest control theory and sustainable development theory. Based on this, this paper proposes specific measures for ecological control strategies, including plant quarantine and disease resistance breeding, agricultural and cultivation management measures, biological control technology and physical and chemical control supplement. These measures aim to realize the green prevention and control of garden plant diseases and insect pests, and promote the healthy growth of garden plants and the sustainable development of cities through the comprehensive use of ecological principles and modern scientific and technological means.

Keywords：Garden plants; diseases and insect pests; ecological control


目  录

引  言 1
第一章 园林植物病虫害概述 3
1.1 病虫害定义与分类 3
1.2 病虫害发生规律与特点 3
1.3 病虫害对园林植物的影响 4
第二章 生态化防治策略的理论基础 6
2.1 生态系统理论 6
2.2 生物多样性理论 6
2.3 害虫综合治理理论 6
2.4 可持续发展理论 7
第三章 生态化防治策略的具体措施 8
3.1 植物检疫与抗病育种 8
3.2 农业与栽培管理措施 8
3.3 生物防治技术 9
3.4 物理与化学防治的补充 10
结  论 11
参考文献 12
致  谢 13