摘要
本文旨在深入探讨电力系统中的谐波污染问题及其有效的抑制措施。随着电力电子技术的广泛应用与电力负荷结构的日益复杂化，电力系统中的谐波污染已成为影响电网安全、稳定与经济运行的重要因素。谐波不仅会增加电力设备损耗、缩短设备使用寿命，还可能引发谐振过电压、干扰通信系统正常运行，甚至对电网的电能质量造成严重影响。本文首先系统分析了谐波产生的根源，包括非线性负荷（如整流器、逆变器、电弧炉等）的广泛应用、电网中变压器及电力电子设备的非线性特性等。随后，通过理论推导与实例分析，详细阐述了谐波对电力系统各环节的危害，特别是对电力设备、继电保护装置及用户用电设备的影响机制。本文重点探讨了多种谐波抑制策略与技术手段，包括被动滤波（如无源滤波器）与主动补偿（如有源电力滤波器APF）技术。无源滤波器以其结构简单、成本低廉的优点在工程中广泛应用，但存在滤波效果受系统参数影响大、易与系统发生谐振等局限性。相较之下，有源电力滤波器则能灵活适应电网变化，实现动态谐波补偿，尽管其成本较高，但随着技术的不断进步与成本降低，其应用前景广阔。
关键词：电力系统；谐波污染；非线性负荷
Abstract
The paper aims to explore the problem of harmonic pollution in the power system and its effective suppression measures. With the wide application of power electronics technology and the increasing complexity of power load structure, the harmonic pollution in the power system has become an important factor affecting the safety, stability and economic operation of the power grid. Harmonic will not only increase the loss of power equipment, shorten the service life of the equipment, but also may cause the resonance overvoltage, disturb the normal operation of the communication system, and even cause a serious impact on the power quality of the power grid. This paper first systematically analyzes the root causes of harmonic generation, including the wide application of nonlinear load (such as rectifier, inverter, electric arc furnace, etc.), and the nonlinear characteristics of transformers and power electronic equipment in the power grid. Then, through theoretical derivation and example analysis, elaborated the harm of harmonic to power system, especially the influence mechanism on power equipment, relay protection device and user power equipment. This paper focuses on a variety of harmonic suppression strategies and technical means, including passive filtering (such as passive filter) and active compensation (such as active power filter APF) technology. Passive filter is widely used in engineering for its simple structure and low cost, but the filter effect is greatly affected by the system parameters and easy to resonate with the system. In contrast, the active power filter can flexibly adapt to the changes of the power grid and realize the dynamic harmonic compensation. Although its cost is high, with the continuous progress of technology and the reduction of cost, its application prospect is broad.
Keywords：Power system; harmonic pollution; nonlinear load
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）研究目的和内容 1
（三）国内外研究现状 1
二、电力系统谐波相关概述 3
（一）谐波的定义 3
（二）谐波的分类 3
（三）谐波产生的机理 3
三、谐波污染的危害 5
（一）对电能质量的影响 5
（二）对电力设备安全运行的威胁 5
（三）对用户用电设备的影响 5
四、电力系统谐波抑制技术分析 7
（一）被动滤波技术 7
（二）主动滤波技术 7
（三）混合滤波技术 7
（四）新型谐波抑制技术 8
五、电力系统谐波抑制措施实施 9
（一）安装无源滤波器 9
（二）优化非线性负载设备 9
（三）优化线路参数 10
（四）采用变频调速 10
结 论 11
参考文献 12
