摘 要
在当今电子技术迅速发展的背景下，电力电子设备因其高效的电能转换和控制能力而被广泛应用于能源、交通、信息通信等多个领域。本文全面分析了电力电子设备的热产生机理及其对设备性能、稳定性、寿命和系统效率的影响，进而深入探讨了热管理技术的基础理论与应用实践。研究首先聚焦于电力电子设备的热源分析，详细阐述了热量产生与传播的物理过程，并揭示了热特性对功率器件性能、电气绝缘、设备稳定性与寿命以及系统效率的多方面影响。随后，文章介绍了热管理的基本概念，并深入讲解了热传导、对流与辐射原理，为后续散热技术的探讨奠定了理论基础。在散热技术方面，文章不仅回顾了自然冷却、强迫空气冷却、液体冷却等传统方法，还重点介绍了热管技术、冷板技术与微通道冷却、相变冷却与热电制冷等先进散热技术的应用与发展。通过具体案例的分析，文章展示了热管理与散热技术在电力电子设备中的实际应用效果，同时指出了当前热管理面临的挑战，包括高温循环与热应力、散热效率不足、热梯度引起的可靠性问题以及环境适应性等。针对这些挑战，文章提出了控制设备工作温度范围、利用先进散热技术、优化设备内部布局和布线、以及设计和选择符合特定环境要求的电子组件等应对措施。最后，本文总结了电力电子设备热管理的重要性及其技术发展趋势，强调了持续创新和技术进步在提升设备性能和可靠性方面的关键作用，为相关领域的研究和应用提供了有益的参考。
关键词：电力电子设备；热管理；散热技术；热管技术
Abstract
In the context of the rapid development of electronic technology, power electronic equipment is widely used in energy, transportation, information communication and other fields because of its efficient power conversion and control ability. In this paper, the heat generation mechanism of power electronic equipment and its influence on equipment performance, stability, life and system efficiency are comprehensively analyzed, and then the basic theory and application practice of thermal management technology are deeply discussed. This paper first focuses on the heat source analysis of power electronic equipment, and elaborates the physical process of heat generation and propagation, and reveals the influence of thermal characteristics on the performance of power devices, electrical insulation, equipment stability and life, and system efficiency. Then, the paper introduces the basic concepts of thermal management, and explains the principles of heat conduction, convection and radiation in depth, which lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent discussion of heat dissipation technology. In terms of heat dissipation technology, the paper not only reviews the traditional methods of natural cooling, forced air cooling and liquid cooling, but also focuses on the application and development of advanced heat dissipation technologies such as heat pipe technology, cold plate technology and micro-channel cooling, phase change cooling and thermoelectric refrigeration. Through the analysis of specific cases, the paper shows the practical application effect of thermal management and heat dissipation technology in power electronic equipment, and points out the current challenges faced by thermal management, including high temperature cycle and thermal stress, insufficient heat dissipation efficiency, reliability problems caused by thermal gradient, and environmental adaptability. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes countermeasures such as controlling the operating temperature range of the equipment, utilizing advanced heat dissipation technology, optimizing the internal layout and wiring of the equipment, and designing and selecting electronic components that meet the specific environmental requirements. Finally, this paper summarizes the importance of thermal management of power electronic equipment and its technological development trend， and provides a useful reference for research and application in related fields.
Keywords： Power electronic equipment; Thermal management; Heat dissipation technology; Heat pipe technology
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）国内外研究现状 1
（三）研究目的及方法 1
二、电力电子设备的热产生机理 1
（一）电力电子设备的热源分析 1
（二）热量产生与传播的物理过程 2
（三）设备热特性对性能的影响 2
三、热管理技术基础 2
（一）热管理的基本概念 2
（二）热传导、对流与辐射原理 3
四、电力电子设备的散热技术 4
（一）传统散热技术 4
（二）先进散热技术 4
五、热管理与散热技术的应用案例 5
（一）案例背景与设备简介 5
（二）热管理方案设计与实施 5
（三）实际应用效果分析 6
六、电力电子设备热管理的挑战 6
（一）高温循环与热应力问题 6
（二）散热效率不足 6
（三）热梯度引起的可靠性问题 6
（四）环境适应性问题 7
七、应对电力电子设备热管理挑战的措施 7
（一）控制设备的工作温度范围 7
（二）利用先进的散热技术 8
（三）优化设备内部的布局和布线 8
（四）设计和选择符合特定环境要求的电子组件 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
