摘 要
在侵权责任法中，过错责任原则占据着核心地位，它要求行为人因过错侵害他人民事权益时承担侵权责任。本文旨在深入研究过错责任原则在侵权责任法中的法律规制，探讨其适用范围、构成要件、举证责任、责任承担与赔偿等方面的法律问题，并提出相应的完善建议。本文明确了过错责任原则在侵权责任法中的基础地位，指出其作为侵权责任归责的基本原则，要求行为人因其过错行为导致的损害结果承担法律责任。接着，文章详细阐述了过错责任原则的构成要件，包括过错行为和损害事实两个基本要素，以及过错行为与损害事实之间的因果关系。同时，文章还分析了过错推定制度在过错责任原则中的应用，以及举证责任的分配与平衡问题。在探讨过错责任原则的法律规制时，本文指出了当前法律体系中存在的一些问题和不足，如适用范围不够明确、举证责任分配不均等。针对这些问题，本文提出了相应的完善建议，包括明确过错责任原则的适用范围、优化过错推定制度、加强举证责任的平衡等。这些建议旨在更好地保护受害人的合法权益，维护社会公平正义，促进社会的和谐稳定。
关键词：过错责任原则；侵权责任法；法律规制
Abstract
In the tort liability law, the principle of fault liability occupies the core position, which requires the actor to bear the tort liability when he infringes on the civil rights and interests of his fault. This paper aims to study the legal regulation of the fault liability principle in the tort liability law, discuss the legal issues of the application scope, constituent requirements, burden of proof, liability and compensation, and put forward corresponding suggestions for improvement. This paper clarifies the basic position of the fault liability principle in tort liability law, points out it as the basic principle of tort liability, and requires the actor to bear legal liability for the damage caused by his fault behavior. Then, the paper elaborated on the constitutive elements of the fault liability principle, including the two basic elements of fault behavior and damage fact, as well as the causal relationship between the fault behavior and damage fact. At the same time, the paper also analyzes the application of the fault presumption system in the principle of fault liability, as well as the distribution and balance of the burden of proof. When discussing the legal regulation of the principle of fault liability, this paper points out some problems and deficiencies in the current legal system, such as the unclear scope of application and the unequal distribution of the burden of proof. In view of these problems, this paper puts forward corresponding suggestions, including clarifying the application scope of the fault liability principle, optimizing the fault presumption system, and strengthening the balance of the burden of proof. These suggestions aim to better protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victims, safeguard social fairness and justice, and promote social harmony and stability.
Keywords: Principle of fault liability; tort liability law and legal regulation
目录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 研究目的和内容 1
1.3 国内外研究现状 2
第2章 过错责任原则概述 3
2.1 过错责任原则的定义 3
2.2 过错责任原则的理论基础 3
2.2.1 意志自由的哲学原理 3
2.2.2 矫正正义理论 4
2.3 过错责任原则的类型划分 4
2.3.1 一般过错责任 4
2.3.2 过错推定责任 4
第3章 过错责任原则在侵权责任法中的适用 6
3.1 过错责任原则的适用范围 6
3.2 过错责任原则的构成要件 6
3.3 过错责任原则的举证责任 6
第4章 过错责任原则与其他归责原则的比较 8
4.1 过错责任原则与无过错责任原则 8
4.1.1 适用条件比较 8
4.1.2 承担方式的差异 8
4.2 过错责任原则与公平责任原则 9
4.3 过错责任原则与严格责任原则 9
4.4 过错责任原则与推定过错原则 10
第5章 过错责任原则在侵权责任法中的法律完善 11
5.1 明确过错责任原则的适用范围 11
5.1.1 减轻受害人举证责任 11
5.1.2 公平分配损害赔偿责任 11
5.2 完善过错推定制度 12
5.3 加强举证责任的分配与平衡 12
5.4 完善责任承担与赔偿制度 13
结 论 14
参考文献 15
