摘要
在当今世界，人们对水资源的要求越来越高，而水利水电是保证供水安全、应对气候变化的主要手段，其重要性不言而喻。但随着全球气候变化的加剧，我国水利水电建设的发展面临着严峻的考验。气候变化导致的气温上升和降水的不均匀分布，直接或间接地影响着河流水资源的形成、分布及变异。由于河流水资源短缺，枯水期延长，水质不断恶化，致使水资源供求矛盾日益突出。此外，气候变化也会对水电厂的发电能力及稳定性产生影响，如水位波动、水量失稳、极端水文事件频发等，对水电厂的建设与运营提出了严峻的挑战。为应对气候变化，必须采取一系列有效的应对措施，以确保其安全、高效、可持续发展。在此基础上，构建柔性有序的水资源管理模式，包括水资源评价模型的建立、水资源柔性化政策的制定以及技术推广等。就水电工程而言，应改善其调节容量，改善其调度能力，慎重设计其受水容量。在水利领域，要加大水利设施的建设与养护力度，增强对水源地的保护意识，对工业与生活污染物进行严格的控制，强化水利设施的施工与养护，增强水利设施的稳定与安全，降低自然灾害对水利设施的冲击。
关键词：气候变迁；江河水利水电项目；适应对策
Abstract
Nowadays, the need of water resources is growing. As one of the most important measures to guarantee water supply and deal with climate change, the water conservancy and hydropower projects are indispensable. But the effects of climate change have made the water conservancy and hydroelectric projects more and more serious. The rise in temperature and the uneven distribution of rainfall caused by climate change directly or indirectly affect the forming, distributing and changing of river water resources. The shortage of water resources, the prolonged drought season and the worsening of water quality have resulted in the imbalance of water resources supply and demand. Meanwhile, climate change has also influenced power generation capability and stability, such as water level variation, water flow instability, and hydrological extreme events, etc. To adapt to the climate change, it is necessary to adopt a series of measures to guarantee the security, efficiency and sustainability of hydropower projects. In this paper, some adaptive measures are put forward: to establish a flexible and orderly water resource management model, and to promote water saving technology. In the case of hydroelectric power station, it is necessary to enhance the regulating ability of hydropower station, improve the scheduling ability, and make careful design of its capacity. In the case of hydraulic engineering, we should strengthen the construction and maintenance of hydraulic engineering, raise the consciousness of protecting water resources, control the production of industry and household pollution, and enhance the construction and maintenance of hydraulic engineering.
Key words: Climate Change; Hydropower Project; Adaptation Strategy
目录
摘要 1
Abstract 1
引言 3
1文献综述 3
1.1气候变化问题综述 3
1.2黄河流域气候变化效应研究 3
2江河水利水电工程在气候变化中的作用 4
2.1流域水资源与气候变化之间的关系 4
2.2流域水电工程对气候变化的响应 4
2.3江河水利设施与气候变化的关系 5
3江河水利工程应对气候变化的可行性分析 5
3.1水利规划 5
3.2水电厂设备的最佳配置 6
3.3水利水电工程的施工和养护 6
结论 6
参考文献 7
