摘 要
随着全球化的深入推进，国际贸易往来日益频繁，但贸易摩擦也随之增多。贸易摩擦，即各国在贸易过程中产生的争端和冲突，其历史可追溯到早期国际贸易的兴起。当前，贸易摩擦的主要类型包括反倾销和反补贴、技术性贸易壁垒以及非关税贸易壁垒，这些壁垒不仅影响商品的自由流通，还对各国的经济发展产生深远影响。贸易摩擦的成因复杂多样，包括经济因素如贸易不平衡、产业结构差异等，制度因素如贸易规则的不完善、贸易保护主义的抬头，以及政治因素如地缘政治竞争、国家安全考量等。这些成因相互作用，使得贸易摩擦成为国际贸易中不可避免的现象。贸易摩擦对海外直接投资的影响显著，它增加了投资的不确定性，使得企业面临更高的投资风险。贸易摩擦可能导致投资成本上升，包括关税增加、物流成本提高等。市场准入受限也是贸易摩擦对海外直接投资的重要影响，限制了企业在目标市场的拓展。最后，贸易摩擦还可能导致投资回报下降，影响企业的盈利能力和竞争力。为了应对贸易摩擦，企业需要制定明确的投资目标，加强成本控制，了解目标市场的准入要求，并灵活调整投资策略。通过这些措施，企业可以降低贸易摩擦带来的风险，提高海外直接投资的成功率和效益。
关键词：贸易摩擦；企业海外；直接投资
Abstract
With the deepening of globalization, international trade is becoming more frequent, but trade frictions also increase. Trade friction, that is, disputes and conflicts in the process of trade, can be traced back to the rise of early international trade. At present, the main types of trade friction include anti-dumping and countervailing, technical trade barriers and non-tariff trade barriers, which not only affect the free circulation of goods, but also have a profound impact on the economic development of various countries. The causes of trade frictions are complex and diverse, including economic factors such as trade imbalance and differences in industrial structure, institutional factors such as imperfect trade rules, the rise of trade protectionism, and political factors such as geopolitical competition and national security considerations. The interaction of these causes makes trade friction become an inevitable phenomenon in international trade. Trade friction has a significant impact on overseas direct investment, which increases the uncertainty of investment and makes enterprises face higher investment risks. Trade frictions may lead to higher investment costs, including increased tariffs and higher logistics costs. Limited market access is also an important impact of trade friction on overseas direct investment, which restricts the expansion of enterprises in target markets. Finally, trade frictions may also lead to lower investment returns, affecting the profitability and competitiveness of enterprises. In order to deal with trade frictions, enterprises need to set clear investment ob jectives, strengthen cost control, understand the access requirements of target markets, and flexibly adjust their investment strategies. Through these measures, enterprises can reduce the risks brought by trade frictions and improve the success rate and efficiency of overseas direct investment.
Key words: Trade friction; Enterprises overseas; Direct investment
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、贸易摩擦概述 2
1.1、贸易摩擦的定义 2
1.2、贸易摩擦的历史背景 2
第2章、贸易摩擦的成因分析 4
2.1、经济因素 4
2.2、制度因素 4
2.3、政治因素 4
第3章、贸易摩擦对海外直接投资的影响 6
3.1、投资不确定性增加 6
3.2、投资成本上升 6
3.3、市场准入受限 6
3.4、投资回报下降 7
第4章、企业应对贸易摩擦的策略 8
4.1、明确投资目标 8
4.2、加强成本控制 8
4.3、了解市场准入要求 8
4.4、调整投资策略 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
