砌体结构中砖块吸水率对墙体耐久性的影响分析 -土木工程专业

摘要

砌体结构作为传统建筑形式的重要组成部分，其耐久性问题直接影响建筑物的使用寿命与安全性。砖块作为砌体结构的主要构成材料，其吸水率是影响墙体抗风化、抗冻融及抗侵蚀能力的关键因素之一。本文旨在系统分析砖块吸水率对墙体耐久性的具体影响机制，并提出相应的评估方法与改进建议。研究采用实验测试与数值模拟相结合的方法，选取不同吸水率的砖块制作标准墙体试件，在模拟自然环境条件下进行长期耐久性试验，包括干湿循环、冻融循环及盐类侵蚀试验。同时，利用有限元软件对水分在墙体中的迁移过程进行模拟，揭示吸水率差异对墙体内部湿度分布和应力变化的影响规律。实验结果表明，砖块吸水率越高，墙体在反复干湿和冻融作用下的损伤发展越快，耐久性能显著下降。数值模拟进一步验证了高吸水率砖块易导致墙体局部应力集中，加剧裂缝扩展的趋势。本研究的创新点在于将砖块吸水率与墙体整体耐久性建立定量关联，并引入多场耦合模拟方法预测墙体服役性能演化。研究成果为砌体结构材料选择与耐久性设计提供了理论依据和技术支持，对提升传统建筑材料的现代应用水平具有实际意义。

关键词：砖块吸水率；墙体耐久性；砌体结构；多场耦合模拟；干湿-冻融循环试验

ABSTRACT

As an important component of traditional architectural forms, the durability of masonry structures directly affects the service life and safety of buildings. Bricks, as the primary building material in masonry structures, have a significant relationship between their water absorption rate and the wall’s resistance to weathering, freeze-thaw cycles, and chemical erosion. This study aims to systematically analyze the specific mechanisms through which brick water absorption influences wall durability and to propose corresponding evaluation methods and improvement suggestions. The research combines experimental testing with numerical simulation, selecting bricks with varying water absorption rates to fabricate standard wall specimens, which are then subjected to long-term durability tests under simulated natural environmental conditions, including wetting-drying cycles, freeze-thaw cycles, and salt crystallization tests. At the same time, finite element software is employed to simulate moisture migration within the walls, revealing the influence of differences in water absorption on internal humidity distribution and stress variation. Experimental results indicate that higher brick water absorption accelerates damage development in walls under repeated wetting-drying and freeze-thaw actions, leading to a significant decline in durability. Numerical simulations further confirm that bricks with higher water absorption tend to cause local stress concentration, promoting crack propagation. The innovation of this study lies in establishing a quantitative relationship between brick water absorption and overall wall durability and introducing a multi-field coupled simulation approach to predict the evolution of wall service performance. The findings provide theoretical support and technical guidance for material selection and durability design in masonry structures, offering practical value in enhancing the modern application level of traditional building materials.

Keywords: Water; Absorption; Rate; Of; Bricks;Wall; Durability;Masonry; Structure;Multi; Field; Coupled; Simulation;Wet; Dry; Freeze; Thaw; Cycle; Test

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 1

1.1 砌体结构中砖块吸水率对墙体耐久性的影响分析的研究背景 1

1.2 砌体结构中砖块吸水率对墙体耐久性的影响分析的研究意义 1

1.3 国内外关于砖块吸水率与墙体耐久性的研究现状 1

1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2

第2章砖块吸水率的测定与影响因素分析 3

2.1 砖块吸水率的定义与分类 3

2.2 砖块吸水率的标准测试方法 3

2.3 材料组成对砖块吸水率的影响 4

2.4 制作工艺对砖块吸水率的影响 4