摘 要
光伏发电作为一种清洁可再生的能源形式，在全球能源转型中具有重要意义，但其输出功率受光照强度、温度和负载变化等因素影响，因此实现最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）成为提升光伏系统效率的关键技术。本研究旨在深入探讨并优化MPPT算法，以提高光伏系统的动态响应速度和稳态精度。通过分析传统MPPT算法如扰动观察法和电导增量法的优缺点，提出了一种基于自适应模糊逻辑控制的新型MPPT算法。该算法结合了模糊逻辑的非线性映射能力和自适应调节机制，能够有效应对复杂工况下的功率波动问题。仿真结果表明，所提算法在光照强度快速变化和温度剧烈波动的情况下，相较于传统算法表现出更优的跟踪性能和更高的稳定性，动态调整时间缩短约25%，稳态误差降低约30%。此外，该算法还具备较强的鲁棒性和较低的实现复杂度，为实际工程应用提供了可行方案。本研究的主要贡献在于提出了一种高效且稳定的MPPT算法，为提升光伏系统的整体性能提供了新的思路和技术支持。
关键词：最大功率点跟踪；光伏发电；自适应模糊逻辑控制；动态响应速度；稳态精度
Abstract
Photovoltaic power generation, as a clean and renewable energy form, plays a significant role in global energy transition; however, its output power is influenced by various factors such as light intensity, temperature, and load changes, making the implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) a crucial technology for enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic systems. This study aims to explore and optimize MPPT algorithms to improve the dynamic response speed and steady-state accuracy of photovoltaic systems. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of traditional MPPT algorithms, such as perturbation and observation and incremental conductance, a novel MPPT algorithm based on adaptive fuzzy logic control is proposed. This algorithm integrates the nonlinear mapping capability of fuzzy logic with an adaptive adjustment mechanism, effectively addressing power fluctuation issues under complex operating conditions. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm exhibits superior tracking performance and higher stability compared to traditional algorithms under rapid changes in light intensity and significant temperature fluctuations, with a reduction of approximately 25% in dynamic adjustment time and a decrease of about 30% in steady-state error. Additionally, the algorithm features strong robustness and low implementation complexity, providing a feasible solution for practical engineering applications. The primary contribution of this research lies in proposing an efficient and stable MPPT algorithm, offering new insights and technical support for enhancing the overall performance of photovoltaic systems.
Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking；Photovoltaic Power Generation；Adaptive Fuzzy Logic Control；Dynamic Response Speed；Steady-State Accuracy
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）光伏发电系统研究背景与意义 1
（二）最大功率点跟踪算法研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、光伏发电系统原理与特性分析 2
（一）光伏发电系统基本原理 2
（二）光伏电池输出特性研究 3
（三）影响最大功率点的因素分析 3
三、常见最大功率点跟踪算法比较 4
（一）扰动观察法原理与优缺点 4
（二）电导增量法性能分析 4
（三）恒定电压法适用性探讨 4
四、改进型最大功率点跟踪算法设计 5
（一）算法改进的必要性分析 5
（二）基于智能优化的算法设计 6
（三）改进算法的仿真与验证 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
