摘 要
风力发电作为可再生能源的重要组成部分，其随机性和波动性对电网稳定运行带来了挑战。为解决这一问题，本文针对风力发电系统功率平滑控制技术展开研究，旨在通过优化控制策略降低风电输出功率的波动性，提升并网电能质量。研究中提出了一种基于储能系统的复合控制方法，结合超级电容与锂电池的特性优势，设计了分层协调控制算法以实现功率动态分配。同时，引入预测控制模型，利用风速预测数据提高功率平滑效果，并通过改进的粒子群优化算法对控制器参数进行优化。仿真结果表明，所提方法在不同风速条件下均能有效减小功率波动，显著提升功率输出稳定性。与传统单一储能方案相比，该方法在响应速度和能量利用率方面具有明显优势。此外，实验验证进一步证明了该技术的实际可行性与可靠性。本研究的主要贡献在于提出了一种兼顾经济性与性能的功率平滑控制策略，为风力发电系统的高效并网提供了新的解决方案。
关键词：风力发电功率平滑；复合储能系统；分层协调控制；预测控制模型；粒子群优化算法
Abstract
Wind power, as a crucial component of renewable energy, poses challenges to the stable operation of power grids due to its randomness and volatility. To address this issue, this study investigates power smoothing control technology for wind power generation systems, aiming to reduce the fluctuation of wind power output through optimized control strategies and enhance the quality of grid-connected electricity. A composite control method based on an energy storage system is proposed, which integrates the characteristic advantages of supercapacitors and lithium batteries. A hierarchical coordinated control algorithm is designed to achieve dynamic power distribution. Meanwhile, a predictive control model is introduced to improve the power smoothing effect by utilizing wind speed prediction data, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the controller parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces power fluctuations under various wind speed conditions and significantly enhances the stability of power output. Compared with traditional single-energy-storage schemes, this method exhibits obvious advantages in response speed and energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, experimental verification confirms the practical feasibility and reliability of this technology. The primary contribution of this study lies in proposing a power smoothing control strategy that balances economic viability and performance, providing a new solution for the efficient grid connection of wind power generation systems.
Keywords: Wind Power Smoothing；Hybrid Energy Storage System；Hierarchical Coordinated Control；Predictive Control Model；Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）风力发电功率平滑控制的研究背景 1
（二）功率平滑控制技术的研究意义 1
（三）国内外研究现状分析 1
（四）本文研究方法与内容安排 2
二、风力发电系统特性分析 2
（一）风速波动对功率的影响 2
（二）风力发电系统的动态特性 3
（三）功率波动的数学建模 3
三、功率平滑控制策略研究 4
（一）控制策略的基本原理 4
（二）常见平滑控制算法比较 4
（三）新型控制策略的设计与优化 5
四、平滑控制技术实验验证 5
（一）实验平台搭建与参数设定 5
（二）控制效果的仿真分析 6
（三）实验结果与性能评估 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
