摘 要
随着电力系统规模的不断扩大和用电负荷的快速增长，无功功率的合理补偿与电压的有效优化控制已成为保障电网安全稳定运行的关键问题。本研究旨在深入探讨电力系统中无功补偿与电压优化控制的理论与方法，提出一种基于多目标优化模型的改进算法，以实现系统无功功率的高效分配与节点电压的精准调控。研究结合现代智能优化技术，引入自适应粒子群算法与分层分区控制策略，通过构建动态灵敏度矩阵评估节点间的耦合关系，从而显著提升算法的收敛速度与求解精度。仿真结果表明，所提方法能够有效降低网络损耗、提高电压合格率，并在多种运行工况下展现出良好的鲁棒性与适应性。此外，本研究创新性地将分布式电源接入场景纳入分析框架，验证了所提策略在含高比例新能源系统的适用性。总体而言，该研究为电力系统无功补偿与电压优化提供了新的理论支持和技术手段，对推动智能电网的发展具有重要意义。
关键词：无功补偿；电压优化控制；多目标优化模型；自适应粒子群算法；分布式电源接入
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of power system scale and the rapid growth of electricity load, the reasonable compensation of reactive power and the effective optimization control of voltage have become key issues to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This study aims to explore the theories and methods of reactive power compensation and voltage optimization control in power systems, proposing an improved algorithm based on a multi-ob jective optimization model for achieving efficient reactive power distribution and precise node voltage regulation. By integrating modern intelligent optimization techniques, this research introduces an adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with hierarchical and zonal control strategies, utilizing a dynamically constructed sensitivity matrix to evaluate the coupling relationships between nodes, thereby significantly enhancing the convergence speed and solution accuracy of the algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively reduces network losses, improves voltage qualification rates, and exhibits excellent robustness and adaptability under various operating conditions. Furthermore, this study innovatively incorporates distributed generation scenarios into the analytical fr amework, verifying the applicability of the proposed strategy in power systems with high proportions of renewable energy. Overall, this research provides new theoretical support and technical approaches for reactive power compensation and voltage optimization in power systems, playing a significant role in advancing the development of smart grids.
Keywords: Reactive Power Compensation；Voltage Optimization Control；Multi-ob jective Optimization Model；Adaptive Particle Swarm Algorithm；Distributed Generation Integration
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）电力系统无功补偿的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外电压优化控制策略研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线 1
二、无功补偿基础理论与关键技术 2
（一）无功功率的基本概念与特性分析 2
（二）常见无功补偿装置及其工作原理 2
（三）无功补偿对电网性能的影响评估 3
（四）无功补偿技术的优化方向探讨 3
三、电压优化控制策略设计与实现 4
（一）电压优化控制的基本原则与目标 4
（二）基于人工智能的电压优化算法研究 4
（三）分布式电源接入下的电压控制策略 5
（四）实时电压优化控制系统的仿真验证 5
四、无功补偿与电压优化的协同控制研究 6
（一）协同控制在电力系统中的应用价值 6
（二）无功补偿与电压优化的耦合关系分析 6
（三）基于多目标优化的协同控制策略设计 7
（四）协同控制策略的实际案例分析 7
结 论 8
致 谢 9
参考文献 10
