摘 要
随着汽车工业的快速发展，车辆NVH（噪声、振动与声振粗糙度）性能已成为衡量汽车品质和驾乘舒适性的重要指标。为提升车辆NVH性能并满足日益严格的市场需求，本研究聚焦于车辆NVH性能分析与控制技术的关键问题，旨在建立一套系统化的分析与优化方法。研究首先通过模态分析和有限元仿真技术对车辆结构动态特性进行深入解析，揭示了关键部件在不同工况下的振动传递规律；其次，结合试验测试数据与信号处理算法，提出了一种基于多源耦合的噪声识别与分离方法，显著提高了复杂环境下噪声源定位的准确性。此外，本研究创新性地引入主动控制策略，设计了一种集成被动隔振与主动降噪功能的复合控制系统，有效降低了特定频段内的振动与噪声水平。结果表明，该方法可使车内噪声降低约3-5分贝，振动加速度峰值减少20%以上。最终，通过实车验证，证明了所提技术方案的可行性和优越性，为车辆NVH性能优化提供了新思路和技术支撑，具有重要的理论价值和工程应用前景。
关键词：车辆NVH性能；模态分析；多源耦合噪声识别；主动控制策略；复合控制系统
Abstract
With the rapid development of the automotive industry, vehicle NVH (Noise, Vibration, and Harshness) performance has become a critical indicator for evaluating automobile quality and ride comfort. To enhance vehicle NVH performance and meet increasingly stringent market demands, this study focuses on key issues in NVH performance analysis and control technology, aiming to establish a systematic approach for analysis and optimization. Initially, through modal analysis and finite element simulation techniques, an in-depth examination of the dynamic characteristics of vehicle structures was conducted, revealing the vibration transmission patterns of critical components under various operating conditions. Subsequently, by integrating experimental test data with signal processing algorithms, a noise identification and separation method based on multi-source coupling was proposed, significantly improving the accuracy of noise source localization in complex environments. Furthermore, this research innovatively incorporates active control strategies by designing a composite control system that integrates passive vibration isolation with active noise reduction functions, effectively decreasing vibration and noise levels within specific frequency bands. The results indicate that this method can reduce in-cabin noise by approximately 3-5 decibels and decrease the peak acceleration of vibrations by over 20%. Finally, through real-vehicle validation, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed technical solution were confirmed, providing new insights and technical support for vehicle NVH performance optimization, with significant theoretical value and engineering application potential.
Keywords: Vehicle Nvh Performance；Modal Analysis；Multi-Source Coupled Noise Identification；Active Control Strategy；Composite Control System
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）车辆NVH性能的研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外车辆NVH性能研究现状分析 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线设计 2
二、车辆NVH性能的理论基础与分析方法 2
（一）NVH性能的基本概念与评价指标 2
（二）车辆振动与噪声传递路径分析 2
（三）常用NVH性能分析方法综述 3
（四）数字化仿真技术在NVH中的应用 4
三、车辆NVH性能的关键影响因素研究 4
（一）发动机激励对NVH性能的影响分析 4
（二）底盘系统振动特性及其控制策略 5
（三）车身结构刚度与模态对NVH的作用 5
（四）风噪与路噪对车内声品质的影响 5
四、车辆NVH性能优化与控制技术研究 6
（一）主动控制技术在NVH优化中的应用 6
（二）被动隔振技术的设计与改进方案 6
（三）材料创新对NVH性能提升的作用 7
（四）实验验证与案例分析 7
结 论 8
致 谢 9
参考文献 10
