摘 要
随着全球能源危机与环境问题的加剧，电动汽车作为绿色交通的重要发展方向，其性能优化成为研究热点，而底盘轻量化设计是提升电动汽车续航能力和操控性能的关键技术之一本研究以高性能电动汽车底盘为对象，围绕轻量化目标展开系统性设计与优化研究通过有限元分析和多学科优化方法，结合新型轻质材料的应用，建立了底盘结构的力学性能评估模型，并提出了一种基于拓扑优化与尺寸优化相结合的设计方案研究结果表明，优化后的底盘结构在保证强度和刚度的前提下，成功减重25%，显著提升了整车的能量利用效率和动态响应性能此外，本研究创新性地引入了智能算法辅助优化流程，大幅缩短了设计周期并降低了开发成本总体而言，该研究不仅为电动汽车底盘轻量化提供了可行的技术路径，还为相关领域的工程实践奠定了理论基础，具有重要的学术价值和应用前景
关键词：电动汽车底盘；轻量化设计；拓扑优化
Abstract
With the intensification of global energy crises and environmental issues, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a crucial direction for green transportation, making performance optimization a focal point of research. Lightweight design of the vehicle chassis is one of the key technologies for enhancing the range and handling performance of EVs. This study focuses on high-performance EV chassis, conducting systematic design and optimization research aimed at achieving lightweight ob jectives. Through finite element analysis and multidisciplinary optimization methods, combined with the application of novel lightweight materials, a mechanical performance evaluation model for the chassis structure was established. Furthermore, an integrated design scheme based on topology optimization and size optimization was proposed. The results indicate that the optimized chassis structure successfully achieved a 25% weight reduction while maintaining strength and stiffness, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency and dynamic response performance of the vehicle. Additionally, this study innovatively incorporated intelligent algorithms into the optimization process, considerably shortening the design cycle and reducing development costs. Overall, this research not only provides a feasible technical pathway for lightweight EV chassis but also lays a theoretical foundation for engineering practices in related fields, demonstrating significant academic value and application potential.
Keywords: Electric Vehicle Chassis；Lightweight Design；Topology Optimization
目 录
引言 1
一、高性能电动汽车底盘轻量化需求分析 1
（一）电动汽车发展与底盘要求 1
（二）轻量化设计的重要性研究 2
（三）底盘轻量化技术现状与挑战 2
二、材料选择与结构优化方法研究 2
（一）轻质材料特性及其应用 3
（二）结构优化理论基础研究 3
（三）材料与结构匹配性分析 3
三、底盘关键部件轻量化设计研究 4
（一）关键部件功能与受力分析 4
（二）轻量化设计方案制定 4
（三）设计方案的仿真与验证 5
四、轻量化设计的性能评估与优化策略 5
（一）性能评估指标体系构建 5
（二）优化策略的提出与实施 5
（三）实验验证与结果分析 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
