形式化方法在智能合约安全性验证中的理论应用 -计算机科学与技术专业

摘要

随着区块链技术的快速发展，智能合约作为其核心组件之一，在金融、供应链管理等领域展现出广泛应用前景，但其安全性问题也日益凸显。由于智能合约一旦部署便难以修改，传统测试方法往往无法全面覆盖潜在漏洞，因此亟需更为严谨的形式化方法来验证其安全性。本研究旨在探索形式化方法在智能合约安全性验证中的理论应用，通过构建基于模型检查和定理证明的综合框架，实现对智能合约逻辑和执行路径的系统性分析。该方法能够有效发现传统方法难以识别的深层安全缺陷，同时显著提高验证效率和准确性。本研究的主要创新点在于提出了一种融合多形式化工具的协同验证机制，不仅增强了验证过程的可扩展性，还为智能合约的安全性评估提供了新的理论支持。研究成果为推动智能合约开发向高安全性、高可靠性方向发展奠定了重要基础，具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。

关键词：智能合约安全性；形式化方法；模型检查；定理证明；协同验证机制

Theoretical Application of Formal Methods in Smart Contract Security Verification

英文人名

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Abstract

With the rapid development of blockchain technology, smart contracts, as one of its core components, have shown wide application prospects in finance, supply chain management and other fields, but their security problems are also becoming increasingly prominent. Because smart contracts are difficult to modify once deployed, and traditional testing methods often fail to fully cover potential vulnerabilities, more rigorous formal methods are needed to verify their security. The purpose of this study is to explore the theoretical application of formal methods in the security verification of smart contracts, and to systematically analyze the logic and execution path of smart contracts by constructing a comprehensive fr amework based on model checking and theorem proving. This method can effectively detect deep security defects that are difficult to identify with traditional methods, while significantly improving the efficiency and accuracy of verification. The main innovation of this study is to propose a collaborative verification mechanism integrating multiple formal tools, which not only enhances the scalability of the verification process, but also provides a new theoretical support for the security evaluation of smart contracts. The research results have laid an important foundation for promoting the development of smart contracts to the direction of high security and high reliability, and have important theoretical value and practical significance.

Keywords: Smart Contract Security；Formal Method；Model Checking；Theorem Proving；Collaborative Verification Mechanism

引言 1

一、形式化方法基础与应用概述 1

(一)形式化方法的基本概念 1

(二)智能合约的安全性挑战 2

(三)形式化方法在智能合约中的适用性 2

二、形式化验证技术的理论框架 3

(一)形式化验证的核心原理 3

(二)验证模型的选择与构建 3

(三)形式化工具对智能合约的支持 4

三、智能合约安全性验证的关键问题 4

(一)智能合约漏洞的分类分析 4