摘要
高性能钢因其优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀特性，在现代工业中得到了广泛应用，但其焊接接头的组织与性能仍面临诸多挑战。本研究旨在深入探讨高性能钢焊接过程中热循环对微观组织演变及力学性能的影响机制，并提出优化焊接工艺的策略。通过采用先进的热模拟实验技术、显微组织表征手段以及力学性能测试方法，系统分析了焊接热影响区的组织特征及其与强度、韧性的关联规律。研究表明，不同冷却速率条件下形成的贝氏体、马氏体等微观组织对焊接接头的硬度分布和断裂行为具有显著影响，且通过调控焊接参数可有效改善热影响区的韧性。此外，本研究创新性地引入了数值模拟方法预测焊接过程中的温度场分布，为优化焊接工艺提供了理论依据。结果表明，合理控制焊接线能量和冷却速率能够显著提升焊接接头的整体性能。该研究不仅揭示了高性能钢焊接接头组织与性能之间的内在联系，还为实际工程应用中高性能钢焊接工艺的设计与优化提供了重要参考。
关键词：高性能钢；焊接接头；热循环；微观组织演变；力学性能优化
Abstract
High-performance steel, with its excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, has been widely applied in modern industry. However, the microstructure and performance of its welded joints still face numerous challenges. This study aims to explore the influence mechanism of thermal cycles during the welding process on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high-performance steel, as well as to propose strategies for optimizing welding processes. Advanced thermal simulation experimental techniques, microscopic characterization methods, and mechanical property testing approaches were employed to systematically analyze the microstructural characteristics of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and their correlation with strength and toughness. The findings indicate that bainite, martensite, and other microstructures formed under different cooling rates significantly affect the hardness distribution and fracture behavior of the welded joint. Moreover, adjusting welding parameters can effectively enhance the toughness of the HAZ. This research innovatively incorporates numerical simulation methods to predict temperature field distributions during welding, providing theoretical support for process optimization. Results demonstrate that appropriately controlling welding line energy and cooling rates can substantially improve the overall performance of the welded joint. This study not only elucidates the intrinsic relationship between the microstructure and properties of high-performance steel welded joints but also offers critical references for designing and optimizing welding processes in practical engineering applications.
Keywords：High Performance Steel; Welded Joint; Thermal Cycle; Microstructure Evolution; Mechanical Property Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 高性能钢焊接接头研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
二、高性能钢焊接接头组织特征分析 2
(一) 焊接热循环对组织的影响 2
(二) 热影响区的显微组织演变 3
(三) 焊缝金属的微观结构特性 3
三、高性能钢焊接接头力学性能研究 4
(一) 拉伸性能测试与分析 4
(二) 冲击韧性评估与机理探讨 4
(三) 疲劳性能及其影响因素 5
四、高性能钢焊接接头优化策略研究 5
(一) 焊接工艺参数优化设计 5
(二) 热处理对性能的改善作用 6
(三) 新型填充材料的应用探索 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
