摘 要
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题日益严峻，新能源汽车作为可持续交通的重要发展方向，其驱动系统的机械设计与优化成为研究热点。本研究旨在针对新能源汽车驱动系统的关键技术瓶颈，提出一种高效、轻量化且可靠的设计方案。通过结合有限元分析与多目标优化算法，对驱动系统的传动机构、轴承布局及热管理系统进行深入研究。具体而言，采用拓扑优化方法重新设计了驱动系统的齿轮结构，显著提升了传动效率并降低了噪声水平；同时引入轻量化材料与创新的结构设计，有效减少了整体质量，从而提高了车辆的续航能力。此外，基于实际工况数据建立了热管理模型，优化了冷却系统的流体分布，确保驱动系统在极端条件下的稳定运行。实验结果表明，所提出的优化方案使驱动系统的效率提升了8%，重量减轻了15%，并在高温环境下表现出优异的热稳定性。该研究不仅为新能源汽车驱动系统的机械设计提供了理论支持和技术参考，还通过多学科交叉方法实现了性能与成本的平衡，为推动新能源汽车产业的技术进步做出了重要贡献。关键词：新能源汽车驱动系统；多目标优化；拓扑优化；热管理模型；轻量化设计
Abstract
As global energy crises and environmental pollution become increasingly severe, new energy vehicles (NEVs) have emerged as a crucial direction for sustainable transportation, with the mechanical design and optimization of their drive systems becoming a research focus. This study aims to address the key technical bottlenecks in NEV drive systems by proposing an efficient, lightweight, and reliable design solution. By integrating finite element analysis with multi-ob jective optimization algorithms, this research conducts an in-depth investigation into the transmission mechanism, bearing layout, and thermal management system of the drive system. Specifically, the gear structure of the drive system is redesigned using topology optimization, significantly enhancing transmission efficiency and reducing noise levels. Meanwhile, the incorporation of lightweight materials and innovative structural designs effectively reduces the overall weight, thereby improving vehicle range. Additionally, a thermal management model based on real-world operating condition data is established, optimizing the fluid distribution of the cooling system to ensure stable operation of the drive system under extreme conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach increases the efficiency of the drive system by 8%, reduces its weight by 15%, and exhibits excellent thermal stability in high-temperature environments. This study not only provides theoretical support and technical references for the mechanical design of NEV drive systems but also achieves a balance between performance and cost through interdisciplinary methods, making significant contributions to the technological advancement of the NEV industry..Key Words：New Energy Vehicle Drive System；Multi-ob jective Optimization；Topology Optimization；Thermal Management Model；Lightweight Design
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 新能源汽车驱动系统的研究背景 1
1.2 机械设计与优化的意义分析 1
1.3 国内外研究现状综述 2
1.4 本文研究方法与技术路线 2
第2章 驱动系统关键部件的设计原理 3
2.1 驱动电机的选型与设计原则 3
2.2 减速器的结构设计与优化 3
2.3 轴系设计的关键技术问题 4
2.4 热管理系统的设计要求 4
2.5 关键部件间的匹配关系 5
第3章 驱动系统的性能优化策略 6
3.1 效率优化的理论基础 6
3.2 扭矩控制的优化方法 6
3.3 振动与噪声的抑制技术 7
3.4 轻量化设计对性能的影响 7
3.5 多目标优化的实现路径 8
第4章 驱动系统的可靠性与验证分析 9
4.1 可靠性设计的基本框架 9
4.2 疲劳寿命的评估方法 9
4.3 实验测试与数据分析 10
4.4 故障诊断与改进措施 10
4.5 系统验证的实际案例 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
