摘要
金融包容性作为衡量金融服务可及性和公平性的关键指标，近年来受到广泛关注。本研究旨在探讨金融包容性对经济增长的影响机制及其实际效应，以期为政策制定提供理论支持和实践指导。基于2010年至2020年间全球100多个国家的面板数据，本文采用固定效应模型与工具变量法，控制内生性问题后分析金融包容性对经济增长的贡献。研究发现，金融包容性显著促进了经济增长，其作用机制主要通过提高资本配置效率、缩小收入不平等以及增强中小企业融资能力实现。此外，分组分析表明，金融包容性在发展中国家的作用更为显著，而在发达国家则相对有限。本文的创新点在于引入多层次金融包容性指标体系，并结合区域异质性进行深入分析，从而更全面地揭示金融包容性与经济增长之间的复杂关系。研究结果不仅验证了金融包容性对经济增长的正向影响，还为各国优化金融政策、提升经济韧性提供了重要参考。这一结论对于推动普惠金融发展、实现可持续发展目标具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
关键词：金融包容性；经济增长；资本配置效率；收入不平等；中小企业融资能力
Abstract
Financial inclusion, as a critical indicator for measuring the accessibility and equity of financial services, has garnered significant attention in recent years. This study aims to explore the mechanisms through which financial inclusion influences economic growth and assess its practical effects, thereby providing theoretical support and practical guidance for policy formulation. Using panel data from over 100 countries worldwide between 2010 and 2020, this paper employs a fixed-effects model along with instrumental variable methods to address endogeneity issues and analyze the contribution of financial inclusion to economic growth. The findings indicate that financial inclusion significantly promotes economic growth, primarily by enhancing capital allocation efficiency, reducing income inequality, and strengthening the financing capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises. Moreover, subgroup analyses reveal that the impact of financial inclusion is more pronounced in developing countries compared to developed ones. A key innovation of this study lies in the introduction of a multi-level financial inclusion index system, combined with an analysis of regional heterogeneity, which provides a more comprehensive understanding of the complex relationship between financial inclusion and economic growth. The results not only confirm the positive influence of financial inclusion on economic growth but also offer crucial references for optimizing financial policies and enhancing economic resilience across countries. This conclusion holds important theoretical and practical implications for advancing inclusive finance and achieving sustainable development goals.
Keywords：Financial Inclusion; Economic Growth; Capital Allocation Efficiency; Income Inequality; Financing Capability Of Small And Medium Enterprises
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 金融包容性与经济增长的研究背景 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 研究方法与技术路线 2
二、金融包容性的理论基础与机制分析 2
(一) 金融包容性的概念界定 2
(二) 金融包容性对经济增长的作用机制 3
(三) 金融包容性与经济发展的理论框架 3
三、金融包容性对经济增长的实证分析 4
(一) 数据来源与变量选择 4
(二) 模型构建与假设检验 4
(三) 实证结果分析与讨论 5
四、提升金融包容性促进经济增长的政策建议 5
(一) 当前金融包容性存在的主要问题 6
(二) 政策工具的选择与优化路径 6
(三) 推动金融包容性发展的具体措施 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
