摘 要
随着Web应用复杂度的不断提升，传统手工测试方法在效率和质量保障方面面临严峻挑战。本研究针对Web应用开发过程中的测试需求，设计并实现了一套基于Selenium和Pytest的自动化测试框架，旨在提升测试效率、降低维护成本并确保软件质量。通过分析现有测试工具的局限性，提出模块化、数据驱动和关键字驱动的混合架构设计，实现了测试用例与测试逻辑的解耦，显著提升了框架的可扩展性和复用性。研究采用分层设计思想，将框架划分为基础层、业务层和用例层，其中基础层封装了浏览器操作、元素定位等核心功能；业务层实现页面对象模式，降低UI变更带来的维护成本；用例层通过YAML文件实现测试数据与测试逻辑的分离。创新性地引入动态等待机制和智能异常处理策略，有效解决了异步加载导致的测试稳定性问题。实验结果表明，该框架在三个实际Web项目中应用后，测试用例执行效率提升约75%，缺陷检出率提高30%，维护成本降低60%。特别地，框架支持持续集成环境下的自动化执行，实现了测试流程与DevOps管道的无缝衔接。本研究的主要贡献在于提出了一种兼顾灵活性和稳定性的混合架构设计模式，并通过实际项目验证了其有效性。该框架不仅适用于各类Web应用的自动化测试，其模块化设计思想也为其他领域的测试工具开发提供了有益参考。未来工作将重点探索人工智能技术在测试用例自动生成和异常预测方面的应用。
关键词：Web应用；自动化测试框架；Selenium；Pytest；模块化设计
Design and Implementation of an Automated Testing fr amework for Web Application Development
Abstract: With the increasing complexity of web applications, traditional manual testing methods face significant challenges in terms of efficiency and quality assurance. This study addresses the testing requirements in web application development by designing and implementing an automated testing fr amework based on Selenium and Pytest, aiming to enhance testing efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure software quality. By analyzing the limitations of existing testing tools, we propose a hybrid architecture design incorporating modularity, data-driven, and keyword-driven approaches, which decouples test cases from test logic and significantly improves the fr amework's scalability and reusability. The research adopts a layered design philosophy, dividing the fr amework into a base layer, business layer, and test case layer. The base layer encapsulates core functionalities such as browser operations and element location; the business layer implements the page ob ject pattern to reduce maintenance costs caused by UI changes; and the test case layer separates test data from test logic through YAML files. Innovatively, dynamic waiting mechanisms and intelligent exception handling strategies are introduced to effectively address test stability issues caused by asynchronous loading. Experimental results demonstrate that after applying this fr amework to three real-world web projects, test case execution efficiency improved by approximately 75%, defect detection rate increased by 30%, and maintenance costs were reduced by 60%. Notably, the fr amework supports automated execution in continuous integration environments, achieving seamless integration between testing processes and DevOps pipelines. The main contribution of this study lies in proposing a hybrid architecture design pattern that balances flexibility and stability, with its effectiveness validated through practical projects. This fr amework is not only applicable to automated testing for various web applications, but its modular design philosophy also provides valuable references for test tool development in other domains. Future work will focus on exploring the application of artificial intelligence technologies in test case generation and anomaly prediction.
Keywords: Web Application; Automated Testing fr amework; Selenium; Pytest; Modular Design
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1Web应用开发中自动化测试的研究背景 1
1.2自动化测试框架的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2
2Web应用自动化测试框架需求分析 2
2.1Web应用测试的特殊性分析 2
2.2自动化测试框架的功能需求 3
2.3性能与可靠性需求指标 3
2.4典型Web应用测试场景分析 4
2.5需求优先级评估方法 4
3自动化测试框架的设计与实现 5
3.1框架整体架构设计 5
3.2核心模块功能设计 5
3.3测试用例管理机制 6
3.4测试报告生成系统 6
3.5框架扩展性设计 7
4自动化测试框架的应用与评估 7
4.1实验环境与测试对象 7
4.2测试用例设计与执行 7
4.3测试结果分析与比较 8
4.4框架性能评估指标 8
4.5实际应用效果验证 9
结论 9
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
