摘 要
随着城市化进程的加速，停车难问题已成为制约现代城市发展的重要瓶颈，传统停车管理模式效率低下且资源利用率不足，难以满足日益增长的停车需求为此，本研究旨在设计并优化一种智慧停车系统，以提升停车管理效率和用户体验具体而言，本研究首先通过物联网、大数据及云计算等技术构建了智慧停车系统的框架，实现了车位实时监控、路径规划及费用结算等功能其次，针对现有系统中车位分配算法效率低下的问题，提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的动态车位分配策略，该策略能够根据车辆到达时间、用户偏好及车位分布情况实现最优路径规划与资源分配此外，为解决停车高峰期系统负载不均的问题，引入了分布式架构设计，并结合边缘计算技术降低数据传输延迟实验结果表明，所设计的智慧停车系统在车位利用率、寻位时间及系统响应速度等方面均有显著提升，相较于传统方案，车位平均占用率提高了约25%，用户寻位时间减少了近40%本研究的主要贡献在于提出了融合多技术手段的智慧停车解决方案，同时创新性地优化了车位分配算法和系统架构，为缓解城市停车难题提供了可行的技术路径
关键词：智慧停车系统；改进遗传算法；车位分配优化；分布式架构；边缘计算
Design and Optimization of Smart Parking Systems
Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the difficulty of parking has become a critical bottleneck constraining the development of modern cities. Traditional parking management models suffer from low efficiency and insufficient resource utilization, failing to meet the ever-increasing demand for parking. To address this issue, this study aims to design and optimize an intelligent parking system to enhance parking management efficiency and user experience. Specifically, this research constructs the fr amework of the intelligent parking system by leveraging technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and cloud computing, thereby enabling functionalities including real-time parking space monitoring, route planning, and fee settlement. Furthermore, in response to the inefficiency of existing parking space allocation algorithms, an improved genetic algorithm-based dynamic parking space allocation strategy is proposed. This strategy optimizes route planning and resource allocation by considering factors such as vehicle arrival time, user preferences, and parking space distribution. Additionally, to tackle the problem of uneven system load during peak parking hours, a distributed architecture design is introduced, combined with edge computing technology to reduce data transmission latency. Experimental results demonstrate that the designed intelligent parking system significantly improves parking space utilization, search time, and system response speed. Compared with traditional solutions, the average occupancy rate of parking spaces increases by approximately 25%, while user search time decreases by nearly 40%. The primary contribution of this study lies in proposing a multi-technology integrated solution for intelligent parking, as well as innovatively optimizing the parking space allocation algorithm and system architecture, providing a feasible technical approach to alleviate urban parking challenges.
Keywords: Smart Parking System; Improved Genetic Algorithm; Parking Space Allocation Optimization; Distributed Architecture; Edge Computing
目 录
一、绪论 1
（一）智慧停车系统研究背景与意义 1
（二）国内外智慧停车系统研究现状 1
（三）本文研究方法与技术路线 1
二、智慧停车系统需求分析与功能设计 2
（一）城市停车问题现状分析 2
（二）智慧停车系统功能需求调研 2
（三）系统核心功能模块设计 3
三、智慧停车系统架构设计与关键技术 3
（一）系统整体架构设计 3
（二）数据采集与处理技术应用 4
（三）停车引导算法优化设计 5
四、智慧停车系统优化方案与实施策略 5
（一）系统性能优化策略研究 5
（二）用户体验提升方案设计 6
（三）实施过程中的挑战与应对措施 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致 谢 9
