摘要
结核病作为全球性公共卫生问题，其防控依赖于精准的流行病学监测与分析。本研究旨在评估现代结核病检验技术在流行病学中的应用价值及其对防控策略优化的贡献。通过系统回顾2015年至2023年间国内外相关文献，并结合实际案例分析，选取基因测序、分子诊断及免疫学检测等关键技术进行对比研究。结果显示，基于分子生物学的快速诊断方法显著提高了结核病早期筛查的灵敏度和特异性，同时基因组数据分析为追踪传播链和识别耐药菌株提供了重要支持。此外，多技术联合应用模式进一步增强了流行病学调查的全面性和准确性。本研究创新性地提出了“技术-数据-防控”三位一体框架，强调以检验技术为核心驱动流行病学研究范式的转变，为制定个性化、区域化防控措施奠定了理论基础。研究成果不仅验证了现代检验技术的实际效用，还为未来技术开发和应用方向提供了参考依据。关键词：结核病防控；分子诊断技术；基因组数据分析；流行病学监测；多技术联合应用
Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostic Techniques in Epidemiology
Abstract
Tuberculosis, as a global public health issue, relies on precise epidemiological monitoring and analysis for its prevention and control. This study aims to evaluate the application value of modern tuberculosis testing technologies in epidemiology and their contribution to the optimization of control strategies. By systematically reviewing relevant literature both domestically and internationally from 2015 to 2023, and through case-based analyses, key technologies such as gene sequencing, molecular diagnostics, and immunological testing were selected for comparative research. The results indicate that rapid diagnostic methods based on molecular biology significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of early tuberculosis screening, while genomic data analysis provides crucial support for tracking transmission chains and identifying drug-resistant strains. Moreover, the integrated application of multiple technologies further strengthens the comprehensiveness and accuracy of epidemiological investigations. This study innovatively proposes a "technology-data-control" tripartite fr amework, emphasizing the core role of testing technologies in driving paradigm shifts in epidemiological research, thereby laying a theoretical foundation for the development of personalized and regionalized control measures. The research findings not only validate the practical utility of modern testing technologies but also provide reference for the future direction of technology development and application.
Keywords: Tuberculosis Prevention And Control; Molecular Diagnostic Technology; Genomic Data Analysis; Epidemiological Surveillance; Multi-Technology Combined Application
目录
摘要 I
Abstract II
引言 1
1 结核病检验技术概述 1
1.1 结核病检验技术分类 1
1.2 关键技术原理分析 2
1.3 技术发展现状评估 2
2 流行病学研究需求分析 3
2.1 流行病学数据采集要求 3
2.2 检验技术在监测中的作用 3
2.3 数据准确性与技术匹配性 4
3 检验技术在流行病学中的应用实践 4
3.1 病例筛查与诊断支持 4
3.2 传播链追踪技术应用 5
3.3 群体健康风险评估方法 5
4 技术优化与未来发展方向 5
4.1 提高检测灵敏度的策略 5
4.2 新技术整合与创新路径 6
4.3 应用前景与挑战分析 6
结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9
