摘 要
《呐喊》作为鲁迅先生的代表作之一，其叙事声音与底层民众形象塑造一直是学术研究的重要议题。本研究基于叙事学理论，结合社会历史背景，旨在深入探讨《呐喊》集中叙事声音的多样性及其对底层民众形象的构建作用。通过文本细读与对比分析方法，研究发现鲁迅在作品中巧妙运用多重叙事声音，既包括知识分子的理性批判，也融入了底层民众的朴素话语，从而形成一种复调式的叙述效果。这种叙事策略不仅丰富了文学表现力，还深刻揭示了底层民众的精神状态和社会处境。研究进一步指出，鲁迅通过对阿Q、孔乙己等人物的刻画，展现了底层民众的麻木与挣扎，同时表达了对社会变革的深切期待。本研究的创新点在于从叙事声音的角度重新审视底层民众形象的复杂性，为理解鲁迅文学的思想深度提供了新视角，也为现代文学研究中的叙事分析提供了有益参考。
关键词：叙事声音；底层民众形象；复调叙述；鲁迅《呐喊》；社会批判
Abstract
"Cry" as one of Lu Xun's representative works, has always been an important topic in academic research regarding its narrative voices and the portrayal of underclass figures. Based on narratological theory and in conjunction with socio-historical contexts, this study aims to explore the diversity of narrative voices in "Cry" and their role in constructing images of the underclass. Through close reading and comparative analysis, it is found that Lu Xun skillfully employs multiple narrative voices in his works, encompassing both the rational criticism of intellectuals and the simple discourse of the underclass, thereby creating a polyphonic narrative effect. This narrative strategy not only enriches literary expressiveness but also profoundly reveals the mental state and social conditions of the underclass. The study further indicates that through the depiction of characters such as Ah Q and Kong Yiji, Lu Xun portrays the numbness and struggle of the underclass while expressing a profound anticipation for social change. The innovation of this study lies in re-examining the complexity of underclass figures from the perspective of narrative voices, providing a new angle to understand the intellectual depth of Lu Xun's literature, and offering valuable reference for narrative analysis in modern literary studies.
Keywords: Narrative Voice；Image Of The Underclass；Polyphonic Narration；Lu Xun's "The Cry"；Social Criticism
目 录
引言 1
一、叙事声音的多元呈现 1
（一）叙事视角的选择与转换 1
（二）第一人称叙述的功能分析 2
（三）隐含作者的声音表达 2
二、底层民众的形象塑造 3
（一）底层民众的生存状态描写 3
（二）个体命运与群体特征的结合 3
（三）民众形象的文化隐喻 3
三、叙事声音与人物形象的互动 4
（一）叙述者对底层民众的态度 4
（二）声音冲突中的形象深化 4
（三）叙事距离对形象塑造的影响 5
四、底层民众形象的社会意义 5
（一）形象塑造的历史背景分析 5
（二）社会批判功能的体现 5
（三）文学价值与现实关怀的统一 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
《呐喊》作为鲁迅先生的代表作之一，其叙事声音与底层民众形象塑造一直是学术研究的重要议题。本研究基于叙事学理论，结合社会历史背景，旨在深入探讨《呐喊》集中叙事声音的多样性及其对底层民众形象的构建作用。通过文本细读与对比分析方法，研究发现鲁迅在作品中巧妙运用多重叙事声音，既包括知识分子的理性批判，也融入了底层民众的朴素话语，从而形成一种复调式的叙述效果。这种叙事策略不仅丰富了文学表现力，还深刻揭示了底层民众的精神状态和社会处境。研究进一步指出，鲁迅通过对阿Q、孔乙己等人物的刻画，展现了底层民众的麻木与挣扎，同时表达了对社会变革的深切期待。本研究的创新点在于从叙事声音的角度重新审视底层民众形象的复杂性，为理解鲁迅文学的思想深度提供了新视角，也为现代文学研究中的叙事分析提供了有益参考。
关键词：叙事声音；底层民众形象；复调叙述；鲁迅《呐喊》；社会批判
Abstract
"Cry" as one of Lu Xun's representative works, has always been an important topic in academic research regarding its narrative voices and the portrayal of underclass figures. Based on narratological theory and in conjunction with socio-historical contexts, this study aims to explore the diversity of narrative voices in "Cry" and their role in constructing images of the underclass. Through close reading and comparative analysis, it is found that Lu Xun skillfully employs multiple narrative voices in his works, encompassing both the rational criticism of intellectuals and the simple discourse of the underclass, thereby creating a polyphonic narrative effect. This narrative strategy not only enriches literary expressiveness but also profoundly reveals the mental state and social conditions of the underclass. The study further indicates that through the depiction of characters such as Ah Q and Kong Yiji, Lu Xun portrays the numbness and struggle of the underclass while expressing a profound anticipation for social change. The innovation of this study lies in re-examining the complexity of underclass figures from the perspective of narrative voices, providing a new angle to understand the intellectual depth of Lu Xun's literature, and offering valuable reference for narrative analysis in modern literary studies.
Keywords: Narrative Voice；Image Of The Underclass；Polyphonic Narration；Lu Xun's "The Cry"；Social Criticism
目 录
引言 1
一、叙事声音的多元呈现 1
（一）叙事视角的选择与转换 1
（二）第一人称叙述的功能分析 2
（三）隐含作者的声音表达 2
二、底层民众的形象塑造 3
（一）底层民众的生存状态描写 3
（二）个体命运与群体特征的结合 3
（三）民众形象的文化隐喻 3
三、叙事声音与人物形象的互动 4
（一）叙述者对底层民众的态度 4
（二）声音冲突中的形象深化 4
（三）叙事距离对形象塑造的影响 5
四、底层民众形象的社会意义 5
（一）形象塑造的历史背景分析 5
（二）社会批判功能的体现 5
（三）文学价值与现实关怀的统一 6
结 论 6
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
