摘 要：随着教育改革的深入推进，培养学生问题解决能力已成为小学数学教学的核心目标之一。本研究旨在探讨有效的教学方法以提升小学生的数学问题解决能力，为教师提供实践指导。基于国内外相关理论与实践经验，研究选取了某地区三所小学的五年级学生作为研究对象，采用准实验研究法结合问卷调查、课堂观察和访谈等多元数据收集方式，系统分析了当前教学中存在的不足及改进策略。研究发现，传统教学模式在激发学生主动思考和灵活运用知识方面存在局限性，而通过设计情境化问题、开展合作学习以及运用信息技术辅助教学等方法，能够显著提高学生的数学思维能力和问题解决水平。
关键词：数学问题解决能力；教学策略；情境化问题；合作学习；信息技术辅助教学
Exploring Teaching Methods for Cultivating Problem-Solving Skills in Elementary Mathematics
Xing Ming
(×× School, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002)
Abstract：With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' problem-solving ability has become one of the core goals of primary school mathematics teaching. This study aims to explore effective teaching methods to improve pupils mathematical problem solving skills and provide practical guidance for teachers. Based on the relevant theory and practical experience at home and abroad, the fifth grade students from three primary schools in a certain area were selected as the research ob jects, and the quasi-experimental research method was systematically analyzed in the current teaching deficiencies and improvement strategies by combining questionnaire survey, classroom observation and interview. It is found that the traditional teaching mode has limitations in stimulating students to think actively and flexibly use knowledge, and students' mathematical thinking ability and problem solving level can be significantly improved by designing situational problems, conducting cooperative learning and using information technology to assist teaching.
Key words：Mathematical Problem Solving Ability; Teaching Strategies; Contextualized Problems; Cooperative Learning; Information Technology Assisted Instruction
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract. 1
一、小学数学问题解决能力的理论基础 3
（一）问题解决能力的核心概念 3
（二）数学教育中的问题解决目标 3
（三）国内外研究现状分析 4
（四）理论框架构建的意义 4
二、教学方法对问题解决能力的影响 4
（一）常见教学方法的分类与特点 4
（二）探究式教学在问题解决中的应用 5
（三）合作学习对能力培养的作用 5
（四）情境教学法的具体实践 6
三、问题解决能力培养的关键策略 6
（一）设计开放性数学问题的重要性 6
（二）引导学生思维过程的方法 6
（三）提升学生元认知能力的路径 7
（四）结合实际生活的教学设计 7
四、教学实践中问题解决能力的评估与优化 7
（一）问题解决能力的评价标准 7
（二）数据驱动的教学改进策略 8
（三）学生反馈在优化中的作用 8
（四）长期跟踪与效果分析 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
关键词：数学问题解决能力；教学策略；情境化问题；合作学习；信息技术辅助教学
Exploring Teaching Methods for Cultivating Problem-Solving Skills in Elementary Mathematics
Xing Ming
(×× School, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455002)
Abstract：With the deepening of educational reform, cultivating students' problem-solving ability has become one of the core goals of primary school mathematics teaching. This study aims to explore effective teaching methods to improve pupils mathematical problem solving skills and provide practical guidance for teachers. Based on the relevant theory and practical experience at home and abroad, the fifth grade students from three primary schools in a certain area were selected as the research ob jects, and the quasi-experimental research method was systematically analyzed in the current teaching deficiencies and improvement strategies by combining questionnaire survey, classroom observation and interview. It is found that the traditional teaching mode has limitations in stimulating students to think actively and flexibly use knowledge, and students' mathematical thinking ability and problem solving level can be significantly improved by designing situational problems, conducting cooperative learning and using information technology to assist teaching.
Key words：Mathematical Problem Solving Ability; Teaching Strategies; Contextualized Problems; Cooperative Learning; Information Technology Assisted Instruction
目 录
摘 要 1
Abstract. 1
一、小学数学问题解决能力的理论基础 3
（一）问题解决能力的核心概念 3
（二）数学教育中的问题解决目标 3
（三）国内外研究现状分析 4
（四）理论框架构建的意义 4
二、教学方法对问题解决能力的影响 4
（一）常见教学方法的分类与特点 4
（二）探究式教学在问题解决中的应用 5
（三）合作学习对能力培养的作用 5
（四）情境教学法的具体实践 6
三、问题解决能力培养的关键策略 6
（一）设计开放性数学问题的重要性 6
（二）引导学生思维过程的方法 6
（三）提升学生元认知能力的路径 7
（四）结合实际生活的教学设计 7
四、教学实践中问题解决能力的评估与优化 7
（一）问题解决能力的评价标准 7
（二）数据驱动的教学改进策略 8
（三）学生反馈在优化中的作用 8
（四）长期跟踪与效果分析 8
结论 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
