摘 要
农业水利工程在保障粮食安全和生态平衡中发挥着重要作用，但水土流失问题对其可持续性构成威胁。本研究旨在评估农业水利工程中水土保持措施的实际效果，为优化工程设计提供科学依据。研究选取典型农业流域作为实验区，综合运用遥感监测、实地调查和数值模拟等方法，系统分析了不同水土保持措施对土壤侵蚀量、径流调控能力和植被恢复的影响。结果表明，梯田改造与植被覆盖相结合的综合措施显著降低了土壤侵蚀速率，平均减少约45%，同时有效提高了水资源利用效率。此外，研究首次引入动态评估模型，量化了水土保持措施的长期生态效益，发现其在20年时间尺度上的碳汇潜力可提升30%以上。研究表明，合理配置水土保持措施不仅能改善农田生态环境，还能增强农业系统的抗风险能力，为实现区域可持续发展提供了重要支撑。
关键词：水土保持措施；农业水利工程；土壤侵蚀
Abstract
Agricultural water conservancy projects play an important role in ensuring food security and ecological balance, but soil erosion poses a threat to its sustainability. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the actual effect of soil and water conservation measures in agricultural water conservancy projects, and to provide scientific basis for optimizing engineering design. In this study, a typical agricultural watershed was selected as an experimental area, and the effects of different soil and water conservation measures on soil erosion, runoff control ability and vegetation restoration were systematically analyzed by using remote sensing monitoring, field investigation and numerical simulation. The results showed that the combination of terracing and vegetation cover significantly reduced the rate of soil erosion by about 45% on average, and effectively improved the efficiency of water use. In addition, for the first time, the study introduced a dynamic assessment model to quantify the long-term ecological benefits of soil and water conservation measures, finding that their carbon sink potential could increase by more than 30% over a 20-year timescale. The research shows that the rational allocation of soil and water conservation measures can not only improve the ecological environment of farmland, but also enhance the anti-risk ability of agricultural system, which provides an important support for the realization of regional sustainable development.
Key Words: Soil and water conservation measures; Agricultural water conservancy projects; Soil erosion
目 录
第一章 绪 论 1
1.1 农业水利工程与水土保持背景分析 1
1.2 水土保持措施效果评估的研究现状 1
第二章 水土保持措施的实施与监测 3
2.1 农业水利工程中的水土保持技术应用 3
2.2 水土保持措施实施过程的关键环节 3
2.3 监测体系在效果评估中的作用 4
第三章 水土保持措施的效果量化分析 6
3.1 土壤侵蚀控制效果的评估方法 6
3.2 水资源利用效率的提升分析 6
3.3 生态环境改善的量化指标 7
第四章 影响水土保持效果的因素分析 9
4.1 地形条件对水土保持效果的影响 9
4.2 气候因素对水土保持措施的作用 9
4.3 管理模式对效果评估的贡献 10
结论 12
致 谢 13
参考文献 14
