摘 要：随着信息技术的快速发展，数据库作为数据存储与管理的核心工具，其安全性问题日益受到关注。本研究旨在探讨数据库中的数据加密与访问控制机制，以应对日益复杂的网络安全威胁。通过综合运用对称加密、非对称加密及访问权限分级管理等技术手段，提出了一种融合细粒度访问控制与高效加密算法的新型安全框架。该框架能够动态调整加密强度和访问权限，从而在保障数据机密性的同时提升系统性能。实验结果表明，所提方法在数据保护能力与运行效率之间实现了良好平衡，相较于传统方案具有显著优势。本研究的主要创新点在于引入自适应加密策略以及基于角色与属性的双重访问控制模型，有效解决了大规模数据库环境下的安全性与可用性矛盾问题，为未来数据库安全技术的发展提供了新思路。研究成果可广泛应用于金融、医疗等领域，为敏感数据的安全管理提供有力支持。
关键词：数据库安全；数据加密；访问控制
Abstract：With the rapid development of information technology, the security of databases, as the core tool for data storage and management, has attracted increasing attention. This study focuses on exploring data encryption and access control mechanisms within databases to address the growing complexity of cyber-security threats. By integrating symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques along with hierarchical access permission management, a novel security fr amework is proposed that combines fine-grained access control with efficient encryption algorithms. This fr amework enables dynamic adjustment of encryption strength and access permissions, thereby ensuring data confidentiality while enhancing system performance. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a favorable balance between data protection capability and operational efficiency, showing significant advantages over traditional approaches. The primary innovation of this research lies in the introduction of an adaptive encryption strategy and a dual access control model based on both roles and attributes, effectively resolving the conflict between security and usability in large-scale database environments. This work provides new insights into the future development of database security technologies and can be widely applied in fields such as finance and healthcare, offering robust support for the secure management of sensitive data.
Keywords: Database Security；Data Encryption；Access Control
目 录
引言 1
一、数据加密基础与技术分析 1
(一)数据加密的基本原理 1
(二)常见加密算法比较 2
(三)数据库加密的应用场景 2
二、访问控制机制的设计与实现 3
(一)访问控制的核心概念 3
(二)权限管理模型分析 3
(三)动态访问控制的实现 4
三、数据加密与访问控制的协同机制 4
(一)加密与访问控制的关系 4
(二)协同机制的设计原则 5
(三)实施中的关键技术问题 5
四、安全性评估与优化策略 6
(一)系统安全性测试方法 6
(二)性能与安全性的平衡 6
(三)未来优化方向探讨 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 9
