摘 要
高精度数控机床作为现代制造业的核心装备，其热误差已成为制约加工精度提升的关键因素。为解决这一问题，本研究旨在探索一种高效、精确的热误差补偿技术。通过分析数控机床在实际运行中的热源分布及温度场特性，结合有限元仿真与实验测试，构建了基于多传感器融合的热误差预测模型。该模型采用机器学习算法优化参数估计过程，显著提高了预测精度和适应性。同时，提出了一种动态补偿策略，能够实时调整机床关键部件的热变形量，从而有效减小加工误差。实验结果表明，所提出的补偿技术可使机床热误差降低约60%，显著提升了加工精度和稳定性。
关键词：热误差补偿 数控机床 多传感器融合
Abstract
As the core equipment of modern manufacturing industry, the thermal error of high-precision CNC machine tool has become the key factor restricting the improvement of machining accuracy. To address this problem, this study aims to explore an efficient and accurate technique for thermal error compensation. By analyzing the heat source distribution and temperature field characteristics of CNC machine tools in actual operation, and combining with finite element simulation and experimental test, a thermal error prediction model based on multi-sensor fusion is constructed. The model uses a machine learning algorithm to optimize the parameter estimation process, which significantly improves the prediction accuracy and adaptability. At the same time, a dynamic compensation strategy can adjust the thermal deformation of the key parts of the machine in real time to reduce the machining error. The experimental results show that the proposed compensation technique can reduce the thermal error of the machine tool by about 60%, and significantly improve the machining accuracy and stability.
Keyword:Thermal Error Compensation Numerical Control Machine Tool Multi-Sensor Fusion
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1高精度数控机床热误差研究背景 1
1.2热误差补偿技术的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与内容安排 2
2热误差产生机理与影响因素分析 2
2.1数控机床热误差的形成机制 2
2.2主要热源及其分布特性 2
2.3环境温度对热误差的影响 3
2.4热误差传播路径建模 3
3热误差测量与数据采集技术 4
3.1热误差测量方法概述 4
3.2温度传感器布置优化策略 4
3.3数据采集系统设计与实现 5
3.4测量精度与可靠性评估 5
4热误差补偿算法研究与应用 5
4.1补偿算法的基本原理 6
4.2基于数学模型的补偿方法 6
4.3智能算法在补偿中的应用 6
4.4实验验证与结果分析 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
高精度数控机床作为现代制造业的核心装备，其热误差已成为制约加工精度提升的关键因素。为解决这一问题，本研究旨在探索一种高效、精确的热误差补偿技术。通过分析数控机床在实际运行中的热源分布及温度场特性，结合有限元仿真与实验测试，构建了基于多传感器融合的热误差预测模型。该模型采用机器学习算法优化参数估计过程，显著提高了预测精度和适应性。同时，提出了一种动态补偿策略，能够实时调整机床关键部件的热变形量，从而有效减小加工误差。实验结果表明，所提出的补偿技术可使机床热误差降低约60%，显著提升了加工精度和稳定性。
关键词：热误差补偿 数控机床 多传感器融合
Abstract
As the core equipment of modern manufacturing industry, the thermal error of high-precision CNC machine tool has become the key factor restricting the improvement of machining accuracy. To address this problem, this study aims to explore an efficient and accurate technique for thermal error compensation. By analyzing the heat source distribution and temperature field characteristics of CNC machine tools in actual operation, and combining with finite element simulation and experimental test, a thermal error prediction model based on multi-sensor fusion is constructed. The model uses a machine learning algorithm to optimize the parameter estimation process, which significantly improves the prediction accuracy and adaptability. At the same time, a dynamic compensation strategy can adjust the thermal deformation of the key parts of the machine in real time to reduce the machining error. The experimental results show that the proposed compensation technique can reduce the thermal error of the machine tool by about 60%, and significantly improve the machining accuracy and stability.
Keyword:Thermal Error Compensation Numerical Control Machine Tool Multi-Sensor Fusion
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1高精度数控机床热误差研究背景 1
1.2热误差补偿技术的研究意义 1
1.3国内外研究现状分析 1
1.4本文研究方法与内容安排 2
2热误差产生机理与影响因素分析 2
2.1数控机床热误差的形成机制 2
2.2主要热源及其分布特性 2
2.3环境温度对热误差的影响 3
2.4热误差传播路径建模 3
3热误差测量与数据采集技术 4
3.1热误差测量方法概述 4
3.2温度传感器布置优化策略 4
3.3数据采集系统设计与实现 5
3.4测量精度与可靠性评估 5
4热误差补偿算法研究与应用 5
4.1补偿算法的基本原理 6
4.2基于数学模型的补偿方法 6
4.3智能算法在补偿中的应用 6
4.4实验验证与结果分析 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
