摘 要
无线传感器网络（WSN）作为一种新兴的信息感知技术，在环境监测领域展现出广阔的应用前景。随着全球气候变化和生态环境问题日益突出，传统监测手段已难以满足实时性、精准性和覆盖范围的需求，而WSN以其分布式部署、自组织能力和多参数感知特性为环境监测提供了创新解决方案。本研究旨在探索WSN在环境监测中的应用潜力，并通过优化算法提升其性能表现。具体而言，研究设计了一种基于能量均衡的节点调度策略，结合分簇路由协议以延长网络生命周期，同时提出一种数据融合方法以减少冗余传输并提高监测精度。实验结果表明，所提出的优化方案能够显著降低能耗，延长网络运行时间达35%以上，同时保持较高的数据采集质量。此外，该研究还验证了WSN在复杂地形和极端气候条件下的适应能力，为其在更广泛环境场景中的应用奠定了基础。主要贡献在于提出了兼顾能效与性能的综合优化框架，为未来WSN在环境监测领域的深入发展提供了理论支持和技术参考。
关键词：无线传感器网络 环境监测 能量均衡
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), as an emerging information sensing technology, demonstrate extensive application prospects in environmental monitoring. In the context of global climate change and increasingly prominent ecological issues, traditional monitoring methods struggle to meet the demands for real-time performance, precision, and coverage range. WSN provides innovative solutions through its characteristics of distributed deployment, self-organizing capabilities, and multi-parameter sensing. This study aims to explore the application potential of WSN in environmental monitoring and enhance its performance through optimized algorithms. Specifically, an energy-balanced node scheduling strategy was designed in conjunction with a cluster-based routing protocol to extend the network lifecycle, while a data fusion method was proposed to reduce redundant transmission and improve monitoring accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the proposed optimization scheme can significantly reduce energy consumption, extending network operation time by over 35% while maintaining high-quality data acquisition. Additionally, this research validates the adaptability of WSN in complex terrains and extreme climatic conditions, laying a foundation for its broader application in diverse environmental scenarios. The primary contribution lies in the development of a comprehensive optimization fr amework that balances energy efficiency and performance, providing theoretical support and technical references for the further development of WSN in environmental monitoring.
Keyword:Wireless Sensor Network Environmental Monitoring Energy Balance
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3本文研究方法与技术路线 1
2无线传感器网络在环境监测中的关键技术 2
2.1数据采集与传输技术优化 2
2.2节点能量管理策略研究 3
2.3网络拓扑结构设计与优化 3
3环境监测中无线传感器网络的应用场景分析 4
3.1气象参数监测中的应用 4
3.2水质监测中的应用实践 4
3.3土壤监测中的技术实现 5
4无线传感器网络性能优化与挑战应对 6
4.1数据融合算法的优化研究 6
4.2安全性与隐私保护机制 6
4.3可扩展性与鲁棒性提升策略 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
无线传感器网络（WSN）作为一种新兴的信息感知技术，在环境监测领域展现出广阔的应用前景。随着全球气候变化和生态环境问题日益突出，传统监测手段已难以满足实时性、精准性和覆盖范围的需求，而WSN以其分布式部署、自组织能力和多参数感知特性为环境监测提供了创新解决方案。本研究旨在探索WSN在环境监测中的应用潜力，并通过优化算法提升其性能表现。具体而言，研究设计了一种基于能量均衡的节点调度策略，结合分簇路由协议以延长网络生命周期，同时提出一种数据融合方法以减少冗余传输并提高监测精度。实验结果表明，所提出的优化方案能够显著降低能耗，延长网络运行时间达35%以上，同时保持较高的数据采集质量。此外，该研究还验证了WSN在复杂地形和极端气候条件下的适应能力，为其在更广泛环境场景中的应用奠定了基础。主要贡献在于提出了兼顾能效与性能的综合优化框架，为未来WSN在环境监测领域的深入发展提供了理论支持和技术参考。
关键词：无线传感器网络 环境监测 能量均衡
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), as an emerging information sensing technology, demonstrate extensive application prospects in environmental monitoring. In the context of global climate change and increasingly prominent ecological issues, traditional monitoring methods struggle to meet the demands for real-time performance, precision, and coverage range. WSN provides innovative solutions through its characteristics of distributed deployment, self-organizing capabilities, and multi-parameter sensing. This study aims to explore the application potential of WSN in environmental monitoring and enhance its performance through optimized algorithms. Specifically, an energy-balanced node scheduling strategy was designed in conjunction with a cluster-based routing protocol to extend the network lifecycle, while a data fusion method was proposed to reduce redundant transmission and improve monitoring accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the proposed optimization scheme can significantly reduce energy consumption, extending network operation time by over 35% while maintaining high-quality data acquisition. Additionally, this research validates the adaptability of WSN in complex terrains and extreme climatic conditions, laying a foundation for its broader application in diverse environmental scenarios. The primary contribution lies in the development of a comprehensive optimization fr amework that balances energy efficiency and performance, providing theoretical support and technical references for the further development of WSN in environmental monitoring.
Keyword:Wireless Sensor Network Environmental Monitoring Energy Balance
目 录
1绪论 1
1.1研究背景与意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状分析 1
1.3本文研究方法与技术路线 1
2无线传感器网络在环境监测中的关键技术 2
2.1数据采集与传输技术优化 2
2.2节点能量管理策略研究 3
2.3网络拓扑结构设计与优化 3
3环境监测中无线传感器网络的应用场景分析 4
3.1气象参数监测中的应用 4
3.2水质监测中的应用实践 4
3.3土壤监测中的技术实现 5
4无线传感器网络性能优化与挑战应对 6
4.1数据融合算法的优化研究 6
4.2安全性与隐私保护机制 6
4.3可扩展性与鲁棒性提升策略 7
结论 7
参考文献 9
致谢 10
