摘要
随着全球能源转型和环境保护需求的日益迫切，电动汽车作为可持续交通的重要组成部分得到了快速发展，而充电站与电网的互动策略成为保障电力系统稳定性和提升充电效率的关键问题。本研究旨在探索电动汽车充电站与电网之间的优化互动机制，以实现负荷平衡、降低运行成本并提高可再生能源消纳能力。为此，采用多目标优化模型结合分时电价策略，设计了一种基于需求响应的智能调度算法，并通过仿真平台验证其可行性与有效性。研究结果表明，所提出的互动策略能够显著平抑电网负荷波动，在满足用户充电需求的同时减少高峰时段的电力消耗，且有效提升了系统对风电等间歇性可再生能源的利用水平。此外，创新性地引入了用户行为预测模块，进一步增强了调度方案的适应性和灵活性。总体而言，本研究为电动汽车充电基础设施的规划与运营提供了理论支持和技术参考，同时为构建更加智能化和可持续的交通-能源协同体系奠定了基础。
关键词：电动汽车充电站；电网互动；多目标优化
Abstract
With the increasing urgency of global energy transition and environmental protection, electric vehicles (EVs), as a crucial component of sustainable transportation, have experienced rapid development. The interaction strategies between charging stations and the power grid have become key issues in ensuring power system stability and enhancing charging efficiency. This study aims to explore an optimized interaction mechanism between EV charging stations and the grid to achieve load balancing, reduce operational costs, and improve the accommodation capacity of renewable energy. To this end, a multi-ob jective optimization model combined with time-of-use pricing strategies was employed to design a demand-response-based intelligent scheduling algorithm, which was subsequently validated for feasibility and effectiveness through a simulation platform. The results indicate that the proposed interaction strategy can significantly mitigate fluctuations in grid load, reducing electricity consumption during peak hours while meeting users' charging demands. Furthermore, it effectively enhances the system's utilization level of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power. Additionally, an innovative user behavior prediction module was introduced, further strengthening the adaptability and flexibility of the scheduling scheme. Overall, this research provides theoretical support and technical references for the planning and operation of EV charging infrastructure and lays a foundation for constructing a more intelligent and sustainable transportation-energy collaborative system.
Keywords：Electric Vehicle Charging Station; Grid Interaction; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、电动汽车充电站负荷特性分析 2
(一) 充电站负荷建模方法 2
(二) 不同场景下的负荷特征研究 3
(三) 负荷特性对电网的影响评估 3
三、充电站与电网互动机制设计 4
(一) 互动机制的基本框架 4
(二) 峰谷调节策略研究 4
(三) 需求响应在互动中的应用 5
四、充电站优化调度策略研究 5
(一) 调度模型的构建与目标函数 5
(二) 分布式优化算法的应用 6
(三) 实时调度策略的效果验证 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
随着全球能源转型和环境保护需求的日益迫切，电动汽车作为可持续交通的重要组成部分得到了快速发展，而充电站与电网的互动策略成为保障电力系统稳定性和提升充电效率的关键问题。本研究旨在探索电动汽车充电站与电网之间的优化互动机制，以实现负荷平衡、降低运行成本并提高可再生能源消纳能力。为此，采用多目标优化模型结合分时电价策略，设计了一种基于需求响应的智能调度算法，并通过仿真平台验证其可行性与有效性。研究结果表明，所提出的互动策略能够显著平抑电网负荷波动，在满足用户充电需求的同时减少高峰时段的电力消耗，且有效提升了系统对风电等间歇性可再生能源的利用水平。此外，创新性地引入了用户行为预测模块，进一步增强了调度方案的适应性和灵活性。总体而言，本研究为电动汽车充电基础设施的规划与运营提供了理论支持和技术参考，同时为构建更加智能化和可持续的交通-能源协同体系奠定了基础。
关键词：电动汽车充电站；电网互动；多目标优化
Abstract
With the increasing urgency of global energy transition and environmental protection, electric vehicles (EVs), as a crucial component of sustainable transportation, have experienced rapid development. The interaction strategies between charging stations and the power grid have become key issues in ensuring power system stability and enhancing charging efficiency. This study aims to explore an optimized interaction mechanism between EV charging stations and the grid to achieve load balancing, reduce operational costs, and improve the accommodation capacity of renewable energy. To this end, a multi-ob jective optimization model combined with time-of-use pricing strategies was employed to design a demand-response-based intelligent scheduling algorithm, which was subsequently validated for feasibility and effectiveness through a simulation platform. The results indicate that the proposed interaction strategy can significantly mitigate fluctuations in grid load, reducing electricity consumption during peak hours while meeting users' charging demands. Furthermore, it effectively enhances the system's utilization level of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind power. Additionally, an innovative user behavior prediction module was introduced, further strengthening the adaptability and flexibility of the scheduling scheme. Overall, this research provides theoretical support and technical references for the planning and operation of EV charging infrastructure and lays a foundation for constructing a more intelligent and sustainable transportation-energy collaborative system.
Keywords：Electric Vehicle Charging Station; Grid Interaction; Multi-ob jective Optimization
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状分析 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、电动汽车充电站负荷特性分析 2
(一) 充电站负荷建模方法 2
(二) 不同场景下的负荷特征研究 3
(三) 负荷特性对电网的影响评估 3
三、充电站与电网互动机制设计 4
(一) 互动机制的基本框架 4
(二) 峰谷调节策略研究 4
(三) 需求响应在互动中的应用 5
四、充电站优化调度策略研究 5
(一) 调度模型的构建与目标函数 5
(二) 分布式优化算法的应用 6
(三) 实时调度策略的效果验证 7
结 论 8
参考文献 9
