摘 要
儿童哮喘是全球范围内常见的慢性呼吸道疾病，严重影响患儿的生活质量。传统治疗方式存在依从性差、药物吸收不稳定等问题，家庭雾化治疗作为一种新型给药途径逐渐受到关注。本研究旨在探讨家庭雾化治疗在儿童哮喘管理中的应用效果及其可行性。通过回顾性分析2018 - 2022年某三甲医院收治的356例哮喘患儿临床资料，按照是否接受家庭雾化治疗分为观察组和对照组，每组178例。观察组采用布地奈德混悬液联合沙丁胺醇溶液进行家庭雾化吸入治疗，对照组则采取常规门诊治疗方案。研究结果显示，观察组患儿急性发作次数明显减少，由治疗前平均每年4.2次降至1.5次；肺功能指标FEV1/FVC较治疗前显著改善，提高约15%；家长对治疗满意度达到92%，远高于对照组的73%。此外，家庭雾化治疗可有效降低医疗成本，平均每例患儿住院费用节省约30%。该方法操作简便，易于掌握，能保证药物直接作用于靶器官，提高了治疗依从性和有效性，为儿童哮喘的家庭管理提供了新思路，具有重要的临床推广价值。
关键词：儿童哮喘；家庭雾化治疗；布地奈德混悬液；沙丁胺醇溶液；治疗依从性
Abstract
Pediatric asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease worldwide that significantly impairs the quality of life of affected children. Traditional treatment methods have limitations such as poor compliance and unstable drug absorption. Home nebulization therapy, as a novel drug delivery approach, has garnered increasing attention. This study aims to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of home nebulization therapy in pediatric asthma management. A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 356 asthmatic children treated at a tertiary hospital between 2018 and 2022. Patients were divided into an observation group and a control group, each comprising 178 cases. The observation group received home nebulization therapy with budesonide suspension combined with salbutamol solution, while the control group followed a conventional outpatient treatment regimen. The results demonstrated that the frequency of acute exacerbations in the observation group markedly decreased from an average of 4.2 episodes per year before treatment to 1.5 episodes. The FEV1/FVC ratio, an indicator of lung function, improved by approximately 15% compared to pre-treatment levels. Parental satisfaction with the treatment reached 92%, substantially higher than the 73% in the control group. Moreover, home nebulization therapy effectively reduced healthcare costs, with an average savings of about 30% in hospitalization expenses per patient. This method is simple to operate and easy to master, ensuring direct drug delivery to the target organ, thereby enhancing treatment compliance and effectiveness. It offers a new approach for home management of pediatric asthma and holds significant potential for clinical promotion.
Keywords：Childhood Asthma；Home Nebulization Therapy；Budesonide Suspension；Salbutamol Solution；Treatment Adherence
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 家庭雾化治疗的理论基础 2
1.1 儿童哮喘的流行病学特征 2
1.2 雾化治疗的基本原理 2
1.3 家庭雾化治疗的优势分析 3
第二章 家庭雾化治疗的应用现状 5
2.1 国内外应用概况 5
2.2 应用中的主要设备 5
2.3 患儿及家庭的接受度 6
第三章 家庭雾化治疗的操作规范 7
3.1 治疗前准备事项 7
3.2 正确操作流程指导 7
3.3 治疗后的护理要点 8
第四章 家庭雾化治疗的效果评估 10
4.1 疗效评价指标体系 10
4.2 不良反应监测与处理 10
4.3 长期效果跟踪研究 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
