摘 要
儿童过敏性紫癜（HSP）是一种常见的血管炎性疾病，其复发率较高，严重影响患儿的生活质量。本研究旨在探讨HSP复发的影响因素并提出有效的预防措施。通过对某地区三家三甲医院2018 - 2023年确诊的356例HSP患儿进行回顾性分析，收集患儿初次发病至末次随访期间的临床资料、实验室检查结果、治疗方案及生活环境等信息。采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型筛选出与HSP复发显著相关的因素。结果显示，年龄≤5岁、病程≥4周、存在感染史、IgA水平异常升高、未接受规范治疗以及家庭环境潮湿是HSP复发的独立危险因素；而早期足量使用糖皮质激素可降低复发风险。基于上述发现，建议对高危人群加强健康教育，积极防治感染，改善居住条件，确保合理用药。本研究首次系统地分析了HSP复发的相关因素，并构建了预测模型，为临床制定个性化预防策略提供了理论依据，有助于提高HSP患儿预后管理水平。
关键词：儿童过敏性紫癜；复发因素；Logistic回归分析；预防措施；高危因素
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a common vasculitis disease in children with a high recurrence rate, significantly impacting the quality of life of affected patients. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors associated with HSP recurrence and propose effective preventive measures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 356 pediatric patients diagnosed with HSP from three tertiary hospitals in a specific region between 2018 and 2023. Clinical data, laboratory test results, treatment regimens, and living environment information were collected from the initial onset of the disease to the last follow-up. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify factors significantly associated with HSP recurrence. The results indicated that age ≤5 years, disease duration ≥4 weeks, history of infection, abnormally elevated IgA levels, lack of standardized treatment, and damp living conditions were independent risk factors for HSP recurrence; whereas early and adequate use of glucocorticoids could reduce the risk of recurrence. Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance health education for high-risk populations, actively prevent and treat infections, improve living conditions, and ensure appropriate medication use. This study systematically analyzed the factors related to HSP recurrence for the first time and constructed a predictive model, providing a theoretical basis for developing personalized prevention strategies in clinical practice, which will contribute to improving the prognosis management of HSP in children.
Keywords：Childhood Allergic Purpura；Recurrence Factors；Logistic Regression Analysis；Prevention Measures；High-Risk Factors
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 过敏性紫癜复发的流行病学特征 2
1.1 发病率与年龄分布特点 2
1.2 地域差异对复发的影响 2
1.3 复发时间间隔分析 3
第二章 复发相关因素的临床研究 5
2.1 遗传因素的作用机制 5
2.2 感染诱发因素分析 5
2.3 环境因素影响评估 6
第三章 日常生活中的复发诱因 8
3.1 饮食结构与复发关系 8
3.2 运动与休息模式影响 8
3.3 心理因素对病情作用 9
第四章 预防复发的具体措施 10
4.1 医疗干预策略制定 10
4.2 家庭护理要点指导 10
4.3 儿童自我管理教育 11
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
