摘 要
现实主义小说在中国现代文学发展中占据重要地位，自20世纪初以来，随着西方思潮的引入和社会变革的需求，中国作家开始探索以写实手法反映社会现实。本研究旨在梳理1917年至1949年间现实主义小说在中国的发展脉络，通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，考察其在不同阶段的艺术特征和思想内涵。研究发现，这一时期的现实主义创作经历了从启蒙到救亡、从个人到集体的转变过程，形成了独特的民族风格。通过对茅盾、巴金、老舍等代表性作家作品的深入剖析，揭示了现实主义小说如何在继承传统的基础上吸收外来文化元素，实现本土化创新。研究结果表明，现实主义不仅是中国现代文学的重要组成部分，更成为推动社会进步的思想武器，为中国当代文学发展奠定了坚实基础。本研究创新性地将文学史分期与文体演变相结合，为理解中国现代文学提供了新的视角，丰富了对现实主义理论的认识。
关键词：现实主义小说；中国现代文学；文本细读
Abstract
Realist fiction holds a significant position in the development of modern Chinese literature. Since the early 20th century, with the introduction of Western ideologies and the demands of social transformation, Chinese writers began to explore realistic techniques to reflect societal realities. This study aims to trace the evolution of realist fiction in China from 1917 to 1949 by combining close textual readings with historical context analysis, examining its artistic characteristics and ideological connotations at different stages. The findings indicate that during this period, realist creation underwent transformations from enlightenment to salvation, and from individualism to collectivism, forming a unique national style. Through an in-depth analysis of representative authors such as Mao Dun, Ba Jin, and Lao She, this research reveals how realist fiction achieved localization and innovation by integrating foreign cultural elements while inheriting traditional foundations. The results demonstrate that realism not only constitutes a crucial component of modern Chinese literature but also served as an ideological tool for social progress, laying a solid foundation for contemporary Chinese literature. Innovatively, this study integrates literary history periods with genre evolution, providing a new perspective on understanding modern Chinese literature and enriching the recognition of realist theory.
Keywords: Realism Novel；Chinese Modern Literature；Close Reading Of Text
目 录
引言 1
一、现实主义小说的起源与奠基 1
（一）早期现实主义作家群像 1
（二）社会背景对创作的影响 2
（三）创作手法的初步探索 2
二、现实主义小说的发展与成熟 2
（一）主题内容的深化拓展 3
（二）叙事结构的创新变革 3
（三）代表性作家作品分析 3
三、现实主义小说的转型与融合 4
（一）新旧思潮的碰撞交融 4
（二）表现手法的多样化发展 4
（三）现实主义与其他流派的关系 5
四、现实主义小说的现代意义 5
（一）当代社会价值的体现 5
（二）对后世文学创作的影响 6
（三）现实主义精神的传承与发展 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
现实主义小说在中国现代文学发展中占据重要地位，自20世纪初以来，随着西方思潮的引入和社会变革的需求，中国作家开始探索以写实手法反映社会现实。本研究旨在梳理1917年至1949年间现实主义小说在中国的发展脉络，通过文本细读与历史语境分析相结合的方法，考察其在不同阶段的艺术特征和思想内涵。研究发现，这一时期的现实主义创作经历了从启蒙到救亡、从个人到集体的转变过程，形成了独特的民族风格。通过对茅盾、巴金、老舍等代表性作家作品的深入剖析，揭示了现实主义小说如何在继承传统的基础上吸收外来文化元素，实现本土化创新。研究结果表明，现实主义不仅是中国现代文学的重要组成部分，更成为推动社会进步的思想武器，为中国当代文学发展奠定了坚实基础。本研究创新性地将文学史分期与文体演变相结合，为理解中国现代文学提供了新的视角，丰富了对现实主义理论的认识。
关键词：现实主义小说；中国现代文学；文本细读
Abstract
Realist fiction holds a significant position in the development of modern Chinese literature. Since the early 20th century, with the introduction of Western ideologies and the demands of social transformation, Chinese writers began to explore realistic techniques to reflect societal realities. This study aims to trace the evolution of realist fiction in China from 1917 to 1949 by combining close textual readings with historical context analysis, examining its artistic characteristics and ideological connotations at different stages. The findings indicate that during this period, realist creation underwent transformations from enlightenment to salvation, and from individualism to collectivism, forming a unique national style. Through an in-depth analysis of representative authors such as Mao Dun, Ba Jin, and Lao She, this research reveals how realist fiction achieved localization and innovation by integrating foreign cultural elements while inheriting traditional foundations. The results demonstrate that realism not only constitutes a crucial component of modern Chinese literature but also served as an ideological tool for social progress, laying a solid foundation for contemporary Chinese literature. Innovatively, this study integrates literary history periods with genre evolution, providing a new perspective on understanding modern Chinese literature and enriching the recognition of realist theory.
Keywords: Realism Novel；Chinese Modern Literature；Close Reading Of Text
目 录
引言 1
一、现实主义小说的起源与奠基 1
（一）早期现实主义作家群像 1
（二）社会背景对创作的影响 2
（三）创作手法的初步探索 2
二、现实主义小说的发展与成熟 2
（一）主题内容的深化拓展 3
（二）叙事结构的创新变革 3
（三）代表性作家作品分析 3
三、现实主义小说的转型与融合 4
（一）新旧思潮的碰撞交融 4
（二）表现手法的多样化发展 4
（三）现实主义与其他流派的关系 5
四、现实主义小说的现代意义 5
（一）当代社会价值的体现 5
（二）对后世文学创作的影响 6
（三）现实主义精神的传承与发展 6
结 论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
