摘 要
随着现代制造业的快速发展，数控车床加工技术在工业生产中占据重要地位，冷却液作为影响加工质量与效率的关键因素之一备受关注。本研究旨在探讨不同种类冷却液在数控车床加工中的选择及其效果，以期为优化加工工艺提供理论依据。通过对多种常见冷却液（水基、油基及合成型）进行系统分析，结合实际加工过程中的温度场、切削力、表面粗糙度等关键参数变化情况，采用实验对比法和数值模拟相结合的方式开展研究。结果表明，在相同加工条件下，不同类型冷却液对刀具磨损程度、工件表面质量以及加工精度存在显著差异。其中，合成型冷却液表现出更优的综合性能，不仅有效降低了切削区域温度，还提高了加工表面光洁度，减少了刀具非正常损耗。
关 键 词：数控车床加工；冷却液选择；合成型冷却液
Selection and effect of coolant in CNC lathe machining
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of modern manufacturing industry, CNC lathe processing technology occupies an important position in industrial production, and coolant has attracted much attention as one of the key factors affecting processing quality and efficiency. The purpose of this study is to discuss the selection and effect of different kinds of coolant in CNC lathe machining, in order to provide theoretical basis for optimizing machining technology. Through the systematic analysis of a variety of common coolants (water-based, oil-based and synthetic), combined with the temperature field, cutting force, surface roughness and other key parameters in the actual processing process, the experimental comparison method and numerical simulation are used to carry out research. The results show that under the same machining conditions, different types of coolants have significant differences on the degree of tool wear, workpiece surface quality and machining accuracy. Among them, the synthetic coolant shows better comprehensive performance, which not only effectively reduces the temperature of the cutting area, but also improves the finish of the machining surface and reduces the abnormal loss of the tool.
KEY WORDS：CNC lathe processing; Coolant selection; Synthetic coolant
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 数控车床加工冷却液研究背景 1
1.2 冷却液选择与效果的意义 1
第2章 冷却液在数控车床中的作用机理 2
2.1 冷却液的冷却功能分析 2
2.2 润滑性能对加工质量的影响 2
2.3 清洗与防锈功能探讨 3
2.4 不同工况下的作用差异 3
第3章 冷却液的选择依据与标准 4
3.1 材料特性与冷却液匹配 4
3.2 加工工艺对冷却液的要求 4
3.3 环境因素与冷却液选择 5
3.4 成本效益分析与选择 6
第4章 冷却液使用效果评估与优化 7
4.1 加工精度提升效果评估 7
4.2 工具磨损情况分析 7
4.3 环境影响与可持续性 8
4.4 冷却液使用优化建议 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
致 谢 12
