摘 要
动态内存分配是操作系统和程序运行过程中不可或缺的环节，其性能直接影响系统整体效率。本文聚焦于动态内存分配算法，旨在深入分析现有算法在不同应用场景下的性能表现，并提出改进方案。通过对 Buddy 系统、SLAB 分配器等经典算法进行理论剖析与实验测试，发现传统算法在碎片化管理、分配速度及空间利用率等方面存在不足。为此，本文提出一种基于自适应分区的混合内存分配算法，该算法结合了链表与位图的优势，在分配时根据请求大小动态调整分区策略，有效减少了外部碎片并提高了分配效率。实验结果表明，改进后的算法在多种负载条件下均展现出更优的时间复杂度和空间利用率，平均分配时间降低约30%，内存碎片率减少25%以上。此外，该算法还具备良好的可扩展性，能够适应不同规模的应用需求。研究结论为优化操作系统内核及应用程序内存管理提供了新的思路和技术支持，对提升计算机系统的整体性能具有重要意义。
关键词：动态内存分配；自适应分区；混合内存分配算法；碎片化管理；分配效率
Abstract
Dynamic memory allocation is an essential component in the operation of operating systems and program execution, directly impacting overall system efficiency. This paper focuses on dynamic memory allocation algorithms, aiming to conduct an in-depth analysis of the performance characteristics of existing algorithms across different application scenarios and propose improvement strategies. Through theoretical analysis and experimental testing of classic algorithms such as the Buddy system and the SLAB allocator, it was found that traditional algorithms exhibit deficiencies in fragmentation management, allocation speed, and space utilization. To address these issues, this paper introduces a hybrid memory allocation algorithm based on adaptive partitioning, which integrates the advantages of linked lists and bitmaps. The algorithm dynamically adjusts partitioning strategies according to request size during allocation, effectively reducing external fragmentation and enhancing allocation efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the improved algorithm exhibits superior time complexity and space utilization under various load conditions, with average allocation time reduced by approximately 30% and memory fragmentation rate decreased by over 25%. Additionally, the algorithm possesses excellent scalability, accommodating diverse application scales. The conclusions provide new insights and technical support for optimizing memory management in operating system kernels and applications, significantly contributing to the overall performance enhancement of computer systems.
Keywords：Dynamic Memory Allocation；Adaptive Partitioning；Hybrid Memory Allocation Algorithm；Fragmentation Management；Allocation Efficiency
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 动态内存分配基础理论 2
1.1 内存分配基本概念 2
1.2 常见分配算法综述 2
1.3 性能评估指标体系 3
第二章 现有算法性能分析 5
2.1 分配效率对比研究 5
2.2 内存碎片化问题 5
2.3 时间复杂度分析 6
第三章 关键技术改进方案 8
3.1 碎片整理优化策略 8
3.2 快速查找机制设计 8
3.3 内存使用率提升 9
第四章 改进算法实验验证 11
4.1 实验环境搭建 11
4.2 性能测试结果 11
4.3 改进效果分析 12
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
