摘 要
随着物联网(IoT)技术的迅猛发展，海量设备接入网络带来了严峻的安全挑战。传统加密协议因计算复杂度高、资源消耗大难以适用于资源受限的IoT设备。为此，本研究旨在设计一种面向物联网的轻量级加密协议，以在保障通信安全的同时降低计算开销与能耗。通过深入分析现有加密算法及协议架构，提出了一种基于椭圆曲线密码学(ECC)的优化方案，采用分组处理机制与自适应密钥管理策略，有效减少了密钥交换和数据加密过程中的计算量。实验结果表明，在相同安全强度下，所提协议相较于传统方案可将计算时间缩短约35%，功耗降低约40%。该协议不仅具备良好的安全性，而且显著提高了资源利用率，特别适用于低功耗广域网(LPWAN)等场景。此外，本研究创新性地引入了动态参数调整机制，可根据实际应用场景灵活配置协议参数，进一步增强了协议的普适性和实用性，为物联网环境下的安全通信提供了有效的解决方案，对推动物联网技术的安全应用具有重要意义。
关键词：物联网安全；轻量级加密协议；椭圆曲线密码学；低功耗广域网；动态参数调整机制
Abstract
With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the massive connectivity of devices has introduced significant security challenges. Traditional cryptographic protocols, characterized by high computational complexity and substantial resource consumption, are ill-suited for resource-constrained IoT devices. This study aims to design a lightweight cryptographic protocol tailored for IoT applications, ensuring secure communication while reducing computational overhead and energy consumption. By thoroughly analyzing existing cryptographic algorithms and protocol architectures, an optimized solution based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is proposed. This solution incorporates block processing mechanisms and adaptive key management strategies, effectively minimizing computational requirements during key exchange and data encryption processes. Experimental results demonstrate that, under equivalent security strength, the proposed protocol reduces computation time by approximately 35% and power consumption by about 40% compared to traditional approaches. The protocol not only maintains robust security but also significantly enhances resource utilization, making it particularly suitable for Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN) and similar scenarios. Additionally, this research innovatively introduces a dynamic parameter adjustment mechanism, enabling flexible configuration of protocol parameters according to practical application contexts, thereby enhancing the protocol's versatility and practicality. This provides an effective solution for secure communication in IoT environments and holds significant implications for advancing the secure application of IoT technology.
Keywords：Internet Of Things Security；Lightweight Encryption Protocol；Elliptic Curve Cryptography；Low-Power Wide-Area Network；Dynamic Parameter Adjustment Mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 物联网安全需求分析 2
1.1 物联网应用场景概述 2
1.2 安全威胁与挑战 2
1.3 轻量级加密需求 3
第二章 轻量级加密算法选择 4
2.1 常见轻量级算法对比 4
2.2 算法性能评估指标 4
2.3 适用性分析与选择 5
第三章 协议设计与实现 7
3.1 协议架构设计 7
3.2 密钥管理机制 7
3.3 数据传输保护 8
第四章 性能测试与分析 10
4.1 测试环境搭建 10
4.2 功能性测试结果 10
4.3 性能优化建议 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
