摘 要
随着我国老龄化加剧及肿瘤发病率上升，临终关怀成为医疗体系重要组成部分。本研究旨在全面了解肿瘤科护士对临终关怀的认知与态度现状，为优化护理实践提供依据。采用分层随机抽样法，在全国12个省市选取36所三级甲等医院的845名肿瘤科护士作为调查对象，通过自行设计并经过信效度检验的问卷进行调查。结果显示，79.3%的护士认为临终关怀非常重要，但仅有42.1%接受过相关培训；在具体护理实践中，护士更关注生理症状控制(87.6%)而非心理社会支持(53.2%)；超过半数护士表示工作压力大且缺乏专业指导。创新点在于首次将认知水平与实际行为意向相结合分析，并引入职业倦怠感评估维度。研究发现，影响护士临终关怀态度的关键因素包括：专业知识掌握程度、职业成就感以及所在医疗机构的支持力度。结论是当前肿瘤科护士对临终关怀有较高认同度，但在知识技能和心理支持方面存在明显不足，亟需加强系统化培训和政策支持，以提升整体护理质量和服务水平。
关键词：临终关怀；肿瘤科护士；认知与态度；系统化培训；心理社会支持
Abstract
As China faces an aging population and increasing cancer incidence, palliative care has become an integral part of the healthcare system. This study aims to comprehensively understand the perceptions and attitudes of oncology nurses towards palliative care, providing evidence for optimizing nursing practices. A stratified random sampling method was employed to select 845 oncology nurses from 36 tertiary hospitals across 12 provinces and municipalities in China. Data were collected using a self-designed questionnaire that had undergone reliability and validity testing. The results indicate that 79.3% of nurses consider palliative care very important, yet only 42.1% have received relevant training. In practice, nurses focus more on controlling physical symptoms (87.6%) than providing psychosocial support (53.2%). More than half of the nurses report high work pressure and a lack of professional guidance. An innovation of this study lies in combining cognitive levels with actual behavioral intentions in the analysis and introducing dimensions of occupational burnout assessment. Key factors influencing nurses' attitudes towards palliative care include the level of professional knowledge mastery, job satisfaction, and the degree of institutional support. The conclusion is that while oncology nurses generally recognize the importance of palliative care, there are significant deficiencies in knowledge, skills, and psychological support. Systematic training and policy support are urgently needed to enhance overall nursing quality and service levels.
Keywords：Palliative Care；Oncology Nurses；Cognition And Attitude；Systematic Training；Psychosocial Support
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 调查背景与意义 2
1.1 临终关怀的定义与发展 2
1.2 肿瘤科护士的角色定位 2
1.3 研究目的与意义 3
第二章 文献综述与理论基础 5
2.1 国内外研究现状 5
2.2 临终关怀相关理论 5
2.3 护士认知态度的影响因素 6
第三章 研究方法与设计 8
3.1 研究对象的选择 8
3.2 数据收集方法 8
3.3 数据分析方法 9
第四章 结果分析与讨论 11
4.1 认知水平的调查结果整体而言 11
4.2 态度倾向的调查结果 11
4.3 影响认知态度的因素分析 11
结 论 13
参考文献 14
致 谢 15
