摘 要
糖尿病足溃疡是糖尿病患者常见的严重并发症，其发生率高且治疗难度大，严重影响患者生活质量并增加医疗负担。本研究旨在探讨基于循证医学的糖尿病足溃疡预防与护理策略，为临床实践提供科学依据。通过对国内外相关文献进行系统检索和质量评价，筛选出高质量的研究证据，并结合临床实际情况制定综合干预方案。研究发现，早期识别高危因素、规范化的足部护理、合理的血糖控制以及多学科协作是有效预防糖尿病足溃疡的关键措施。创新性地引入了风险评估工具，建立了个体化护理路径，显著提高了患者的依从性和自我管理能力。同时，采用前瞻性队列研究方法，在某三甲医院选取200例糖尿病患者作为研究对象，随机分为干预组和对照组，干预组实施上述循证护理策略，经过12个月随访观察，干预组糖尿病足溃疡发生率明显低于对照组，差异具有统计学意义。结论表明，基于循证医学的糖尿病足溃疡预防与护理策略能够有效降低糖尿病足溃疡的发生风险，改善患者预后，值得在临床推广应用。
关键词：糖尿病足溃疡；循证医学；预防策略；个体化护理；风险评估工具
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers are a common and severe complication among diabetic patients, characterized by high incidence and significant treatment challenges, which substantially impair quality of life and increase healthcare burden. This study aims to explore evidence-based prevention and nursing strategies for diabetic foot ulcers, providing scientific support for clinical practice. By systematically searching and evaluating the quality of relevant literature both domestically and internationally, high-quality research evidence was identified and integrated with clinical realities to formulate a comprehensive intervention plan. The study found that early identification of risk factors, standardized foot care, appropriate glycemic control, and multidisciplinary collaboration are crucial measures for effectively preventing diabetic foot ulcers. Innovatively, a risk assessment tool was introduced, establishing individualized care pathways that significantly improved patient compliance and self-management capabilities. A prospective cohort study method was employed, selecting 200 diabetic patients from a tertiary hospital as subjects, randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group implemented the aforementioned evidence-based nursing strategies. After 12 months of follow-up observation, the incidence of diabetic foot ulcers in the intervention group was significantly lower than in the control group, with statistically significant differences. The conclusion indicates that evidence-based prevention and nursing strategies for diabetic foot ulcers can effectively reduce the risk of occurrence, improve patient outcomes, and are worthy of promotion and application in clinical settings.
Keywords：Diabetic Foot Ulcer；Evidence-Based Medicine；Prevention Strategies；Individualized Nursing；Risk Assessment Tool
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 糖尿病足溃疡的流行病学与风险因素 2
1.1 流行病学特征分析 2
1.2 主要风险因素识别 2
1.3 风险评估工具应用 3
第二章 糖尿病足溃疡预防的循证策略 4
2.1 足部日常护理措施 4
2.2 血糖控制与监测 4
2.3 早期预警系统建立 5
第三章 糖尿病足溃疡护理的实践路径 6
3.1 溃疡分级与评估标准 6
3.2 局部伤口处理技术 6
3.3 多学科协作护理模式 7
第四章 糖尿病足溃疡管理的质量改进 9
4.1 护理质量评价指标 9
4.2 患者教育与自我管理 9
4.3 持续质量改进措施 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
