摘 要
手术室护士作为医疗团队的重要组成部分，其工作环境具有高度紧张性和复杂性，面临着诸多压力源。本研究旨在深入探讨手术室护士的工作压力源及其应对策略，以期为改善其工作状态提供理论依据。通过对国内外相关文献的系统回顾，并结合质性研究方法对某三甲医院30名手术室护士进行半结构化访谈，同时采用问卷调查法收集了来自全国15家医院共420份有效问卷。研究发现，手术室护士的主要压力源包括高强度工作负荷、紧急情况处理、医患关系、职业发展受限以及工作环境因素等。在应对策略方面，多数护士倾向于通过自我调节如心理暗示、运动放松等方式缓解压力，但缺乏系统的支持体系。本研究创新性地构建了一个基于压力源分类的综合应对模型，强调组织层面的支持与个体能力提升相结合的重要性，提出应建立完善的职业培训体系和心理支持机制，优化排班制度，改善工作环境，以减轻护士的工作压力，提高护理质量和服务水平，为医疗机构制定相关政策提供了科学依据。
关键词：手术室护士；工作压力源；应对策略；职业培训体系；心理支持机制
Abstract
Operating room nurses, as integral members of the healthcare team, work in an environment characterized by high tension and complexity, facing numerous stressors. This study aims to explore the sources of work-related stress and coping strategies among operating room nurses, providing theoretical support for improving their working conditions. Through a systematic review of relevant literature both domestically and internationally, combined with qualitative research methods, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 operating room nurses at a tertiary hospital, while a questionnaire survey collected 420 valid responses from nurses across 15 hospitals nationwide. The findings revealed that major stressors for operating room nurses include high-intensity workloads, emergency situation management, doctor-patient relationships, limited career development opportunities, and factors related to the working environment. In terms of coping strategies, most nurses tend to alleviate stress through self-regulation methods such as psychological suggestion and physical relaxation, yet lack a systematic support system. Innovatively, this study constructs a comprehensive coping model based on the classification of stressors, emphasizing the importance of combining organizational support with individual capability enhancement. It proposes establishing a robust professional training system and psychological support mechanisms, optimizing shift scheduling, and improving the working environment to reduce nurses' work pressure, enhance nursing quality and service levels, thereby providing scientific evidence for policy formulation in medical institutions.
Keywords：Operating Room Nurse；Work Stressors；Coping Strategies；Professional Training System；Psychological Support Mechanism
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
引 言 1
第一章 手术室护士工作压力源分析 2
1.1 工作环境对压力的影响 2
1.2 护患关系与压力产生 2
1.3 职业风险因素剖析 3
第二章 压力源的量化与评估方法 4
2.1 压力源识别工具应用 4
2.2 量化评估指标体系 4
2.3 数据收集与统计分析 5
第三章 现有应对策略的效果评价 7
3.1 组织层面支持措施 7
3.2 个体心理调适方法 7
3.3 应对策略实施效果 8
第四章 构建综合应对模式 9
4.1 多元化应对机制建立 9
4.2 职业培训体系优化 9
4.3 政策保障与制度完善 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
