无线传感器网络中的能量收集技术 -通信工程专业

摘要

无线传感器网络在环境监测、智能交通、医疗保健等领域发挥着重要作用，然而其能量供应问题一直是制约发展的关键因素。传统电池供电方式存在寿命有限、维护成本高且难以适应大规模部署等问题，因此研究能量收集技术成为解决这一瓶颈的有效途径。本文旨在探索适用于无线传感器网络的能量收集技术，通过分析太阳能、振动能、射频能等不同形式的能量来源及其转换机制，提出一种基于多源协同的能量收集方案。该方案采用自适应能量管理算法，根据节点所处环境动态调整能量收集模式，以实现能量利用效率的最大化。实验结果表明，在多种复杂环境下，该方案能够有效提升节点的续航能力，使网络生命周期延长约30%。与现有方法相比，本研究创新性地将多种能量源进行有机整合，并引入了智能化的能量管理模式，不仅提高了系统的稳定性和可靠性，还为无线传感器网络的广泛应用提供了新的思路和技术支持，对推动相关领域的发展具有重要意义。

关键词：无线传感器网络能量收集技术多源协同

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks play a crucial role in various fields such as environmental monitoring, intelligent transportation, and healthcare; however, the issue of energy supply has been a key factor constraining their development. Traditional battery-powered methods suffer from limited lifespan, high maintenance costs, and difficulty in adapting to large-scale deployments. Therefore, researching energy harvesting technologies becomes an effective approach to address this bottleneck. This paper aims to explore energy harvesting technologies suitable for wireless sensor networks by analyzing different forms of energy sources including solar power, vibration energy, and RF energy along with their conversion mechanisms, and proposes a multi-source collaborative energy harvesting scheme. This scheme employs an adaptive energy management algorithm that dynamically adjusts the energy harvesting mode based on the environmental conditions surrounding the nodes to maximize energy utilization efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that under various complex environments, this scheme can effectively enhance the endurance of nodes, extending the network's lifecycle by approximately 30%. Compared with existing methods, this study innovatively integrates multiple energy sources organically and introduces intelligent energy management modes, which not only improve system stability and reliability but also provide new ideas and technical support for the wide application of wireless sensor networks, significantly promoting the development of related fields.

Keyword:Wireless Sensor Network Energy Harvesting Technology Multi-source Coordination

1绪论 1

1.1无线传感器网络能量收集的背景 1

1.2研究意义与应用价值 1

1.3国内外研究现状综述 1

1.4本文研究方法与技术路线 2

2能量收集技术原理 2

2.1能量收集基本概念 2

2.2主要能量源分析 3

2.3能量转换机制探讨 3

2.4能量管理策略研究 4

3关键技术实现 4