摘要
随着全球能源转型和环保要求日益严格，新能源汽车产业发展迅猛，充电基础设施建设成为制约其发展的关键因素。本文聚焦新能源汽车充电站布局优化与电网互动技术研究，旨在解决充电设施供需不平衡及对电网冲击等问题。通过构建多目标优化模型，综合考虑地理分布、用户需求、电网承载能力等多维因素，提出基于时空耦合的充电站选址定容方法。创新性地引入了分时电价机制与智能调度算法，实现了充电负荷的有效平滑，降低了峰谷差率。研究结果表明，优化后的充电网络能够显著提高设施利用率和服务水平，同时有效缓解了局部电网压力。特别是在高渗透率场景下，所提方案可使系统整体能效提升15%以上，弃风弃光率降低约10%，具有显著的经济和社会效益。本研究为城市交通电气化转型提供了重要的理论支撑和技术保障，对推动新能源汽车产业健康发展具有重要指导意义。
关键词：新能源汽车充电站布局；多目标优化模型；时空耦合选址定容
Abstract
With the global energy transition and increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has experienced rapid development, while the construction of charging infrastructure has become a critical factor constraining its growth. This paper focuses on the research of NEV charging station layout optimization and grid interaction technology, aiming to address issues such as supply-demand imbalance of charging facilities and their impact on the power grid. By constructing a multi-ob jective optimization model that comprehensively considers multiple factors including geographical distribution, user demand, and grid capacity, a spatiotemporal coupling-based method for charging station location and sizing is proposed. Innovatively, time-of-use pricing mechanisms and intelligent scheduling algorithms are introduced, achieving effective smoothing of charging loads and reducing peak-to-valley differences. The research results indicate that the optimized charging network can significantly improve facility utilization and service levels while effectively alleviating local grid pressure. Particularly in high-penetration scenarios, the proposed solution can enhance overall system efficiency by more than 15% and reduce wind and solar curtailment rates by approximately 10%, demonstrating significant economic and social benefits. This study provides important theoretical support and technical assurance for the electrification transformation of urban transportation, offering crucial guidance for the healthy development of the NEV industry.
Keywords：New Energy Vehicle Charging Station Layout; Multi-ob jective Optimization Model; Spatiotemporal Coupling Siting And Sizing
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新能源汽车充电站研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、充电站布局优化模型构建 2
(一) 布局优化目标函数设定 2
(二) 影响因素分析与权重确定 3
(三) 数学模型建立与求解算法 4
三、电网互动关键技术研究 4
(一) 电力负荷特性分析 4
(二) 充电功率调度策略 5
(三) 电网稳定性评估方法 6
四、实证分析与案例研究 6
(一) 研究区域选择与数据获取 6
(二) 模型应用与结果分析 7
(三) 政策建议与实施路径 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
随着全球能源转型和环保要求日益严格，新能源汽车产业发展迅猛，充电基础设施建设成为制约其发展的关键因素。本文聚焦新能源汽车充电站布局优化与电网互动技术研究，旨在解决充电设施供需不平衡及对电网冲击等问题。通过构建多目标优化模型，综合考虑地理分布、用户需求、电网承载能力等多维因素，提出基于时空耦合的充电站选址定容方法。创新性地引入了分时电价机制与智能调度算法，实现了充电负荷的有效平滑，降低了峰谷差率。研究结果表明，优化后的充电网络能够显著提高设施利用率和服务水平，同时有效缓解了局部电网压力。特别是在高渗透率场景下，所提方案可使系统整体能效提升15%以上，弃风弃光率降低约10%，具有显著的经济和社会效益。本研究为城市交通电气化转型提供了重要的理论支撑和技术保障，对推动新能源汽车产业健康发展具有重要指导意义。
关键词：新能源汽车充电站布局；多目标优化模型；时空耦合选址定容
Abstract
With the global energy transition and increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements, the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry has experienced rapid development, while the construction of charging infrastructure has become a critical factor constraining its growth. This paper focuses on the research of NEV charging station layout optimization and grid interaction technology, aiming to address issues such as supply-demand imbalance of charging facilities and their impact on the power grid. By constructing a multi-ob jective optimization model that comprehensively considers multiple factors including geographical distribution, user demand, and grid capacity, a spatiotemporal coupling-based method for charging station location and sizing is proposed. Innovatively, time-of-use pricing mechanisms and intelligent scheduling algorithms are introduced, achieving effective smoothing of charging loads and reducing peak-to-valley differences. The research results indicate that the optimized charging network can significantly improve facility utilization and service levels while effectively alleviating local grid pressure. Particularly in high-penetration scenarios, the proposed solution can enhance overall system efficiency by more than 15% and reduce wind and solar curtailment rates by approximately 10%, demonstrating significant economic and social benefits. This study provides important theoretical support and technical assurance for the electrification transformation of urban transportation, offering crucial guidance for the healthy development of the NEV industry.
Keywords：New Energy Vehicle Charging Station Layout; Multi-ob jective Optimization Model; Spatiotemporal Coupling Siting And Sizing
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
(一) 新能源汽车充电站研究背景与意义 1
(二) 国内外研究现状综述 1
(三) 本文研究方法概述 2
二、充电站布局优化模型构建 2
(一) 布局优化目标函数设定 2
(二) 影响因素分析与权重确定 3
(三) 数学模型建立与求解算法 4
三、电网互动关键技术研究 4
(一) 电力负荷特性分析 4
(二) 充电功率调度策略 5
(三) 电网稳定性评估方法 6
四、实证分析与案例研究 6
(一) 研究区域选择与数据获取 6
(二) 模型应用与结果分析 7
(三) 政策建议与实施路径 8
结 论 10
参考文献 11
