摘 要
白桦林作为温带地区重要的森林生态系统，在维持区域生态平衡和提供生态系统服务方面具有重要作用。本研究以长白山典型白桦林为研究对象，采用野外调查、遥感解译与模型模拟相结合的方法，构建了白桦林生态系统服务功能评估指标体系，定量评估了其水源涵养、土壤保持、碳固定和生物多样性维持等关键服务功能。研究结果表明：研究区白桦林年均水源涵养量为325.6mm，土壤保持能力达12.3t/ha·a，碳储量密度为78.4tC/ha，物种多样性指数Shannon-Wiener值为2.86。通过空间叠加分析发现，海拔1200-1500m区域的白桦林生态系统服务功能综合价值最高。基于评估结果，提出了"分区保护、梯度管理"的保护策略：核心区实施严格保护，缓冲区开展适度利用实验区进行可持续经营。本研究的创新点在于建立了适用于温带山地白桦林的生态系统服务功能评估方法体系，并首次提出了基于生态系统服务功能分异特征的保护策略框架。研究成果可为区域生态安全格局构建和白桦林可持续管理提供科学依据。
关键词：白桦林；生态系统服务功能；长白山
ABSTRACT
As an important forest ecosystem in temperate regions, birch forests play a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance and providing ecosystem services. This study focuses on the typical birch forests in Changbai Mountain, employing a combination of field investigation, remote sensing interpretation, and model simulation to establish an evaluation index system for ecosystem service functions of birch forests. The study quantitatively assessed key service functions including water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity maintenance. The results indicate that the average annual water conservation capacity of the study area's birch forests is 325.6 mm, with a soil retention capacity of 12.3 t/ha·a, carbon storage density of 78.4 tC/ha, and Shannon-Wiener species diversity index of 2.86. Spatial overlay analysis revealed that the comprehensive value of ecosystem services is highest in birch forests located at elevations between 1200-1500 m. Based on the evaluation results, a "zoned protection and gradient management" conservation strategy was proposed: strict protection in core zones, moderate utilization in buffer zones, and sustainable management in experimental zones. The innovation of this research lies in establishing an ecosystem service function evaluation methodology suitable for temperate mountain birch forests and proposing for the first time a conservation strategy fr amework based on the differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service functions. The research findings provide scientific basis for constructing regional ecological security patterns and sustainable management of birch forests.
KEY WORDS： Birch Forest; Ecosystem Service Function; Changbai Mountain
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 白桦林生态系统服务功能研究背景与意义 1
1.2 白桦林生态系统服务功能研究现状 1
第2章 白桦林生态系统服务功能评估体系构建 2
2.1 白桦林生态系统服务功能分类体系 2
2.2 评估指标体系构建原则与方法 2
2.3 关键评估指标筛选与权重确定 3
第3章 白桦林生态系统服务功能定量评估 4
3.1 物质供给服务功能评估方法与应用 4
3.2 调节服务功能量化模型构建与验证 4
3.3 文化服务功能价值评估实证研究 5
第4章 白桦林生态系统保护策略研究 6
4.1 基于生态服务功能的保护分区方案 6
4.2 不同功能区保护管理对策建议 6
4.3 可持续利用模式创新与实践路径 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
白桦林作为温带地区重要的森林生态系统，在维持区域生态平衡和提供生态系统服务方面具有重要作用。本研究以长白山典型白桦林为研究对象，采用野外调查、遥感解译与模型模拟相结合的方法，构建了白桦林生态系统服务功能评估指标体系，定量评估了其水源涵养、土壤保持、碳固定和生物多样性维持等关键服务功能。研究结果表明：研究区白桦林年均水源涵养量为325.6mm，土壤保持能力达12.3t/ha·a，碳储量密度为78.4tC/ha，物种多样性指数Shannon-Wiener值为2.86。通过空间叠加分析发现，海拔1200-1500m区域的白桦林生态系统服务功能综合价值最高。基于评估结果，提出了"分区保护、梯度管理"的保护策略：核心区实施严格保护，缓冲区开展适度利用实验区进行可持续经营。本研究的创新点在于建立了适用于温带山地白桦林的生态系统服务功能评估方法体系，并首次提出了基于生态系统服务功能分异特征的保护策略框架。研究成果可为区域生态安全格局构建和白桦林可持续管理提供科学依据。
关键词：白桦林；生态系统服务功能；长白山
ABSTRACT
As an important forest ecosystem in temperate regions, birch forests play a crucial role in maintaining regional ecological balance and providing ecosystem services. This study focuses on the typical birch forests in Changbai Mountain, employing a combination of field investigation, remote sensing interpretation, and model simulation to establish an evaluation index system for ecosystem service functions of birch forests. The study quantitatively assessed key service functions including water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity maintenance. The results indicate that the average annual water conservation capacity of the study area's birch forests is 325.6 mm, with a soil retention capacity of 12.3 t/ha·a, carbon storage density of 78.4 tC/ha, and Shannon-Wiener species diversity index of 2.86. Spatial overlay analysis revealed that the comprehensive value of ecosystem services is highest in birch forests located at elevations between 1200-1500 m. Based on the evaluation results, a "zoned protection and gradient management" conservation strategy was proposed: strict protection in core zones, moderate utilization in buffer zones, and sustainable management in experimental zones. The innovation of this research lies in establishing an ecosystem service function evaluation methodology suitable for temperate mountain birch forests and proposing for the first time a conservation strategy fr amework based on the differentiation characteristics of ecosystem service functions. The research findings provide scientific basis for constructing regional ecological security patterns and sustainable management of birch forests.
KEY WORDS： Birch Forest; Ecosystem Service Function; Changbai Mountain
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 白桦林生态系统服务功能研究背景与意义 1
1.2 白桦林生态系统服务功能研究现状 1
第2章 白桦林生态系统服务功能评估体系构建 2
2.1 白桦林生态系统服务功能分类体系 2
2.2 评估指标体系构建原则与方法 2
2.3 关键评估指标筛选与权重确定 3
第3章 白桦林生态系统服务功能定量评估 4
3.1 物质供给服务功能评估方法与应用 4
3.2 调节服务功能量化模型构建与验证 4
3.3 文化服务功能价值评估实证研究 5
第4章 白桦林生态系统保护策略研究 6
4.1 基于生态服务功能的保护分区方案 6
4.2 不同功能区保护管理对策建议 6
4.3 可持续利用模式创新与实践路径 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
