摘 要
随着数字化进程的加速，传统身份认证系统面临数据孤岛、隐私泄露和中心化风险等挑战。本研究提出一种基于区块链的去中心化数字身份认证方案，旨在解决现有系统的安全性和互操作性问题。通过构建分布式身份标识符体系，结合零知识证明和智能合约技术，设计了一种新型身份认证协议。研究采用理论分析与原型系统验证相结合的方法，在Hyperledger Fabric平台上实现了该方案。实验结果表明，该系统在保证用户隐私的前提下，实现了跨域身份认证，认证效率较传统方案提升约35%，且具有抗单点故障能力。本研究的创新点在于提出了基于属性加密的细粒度访问控制机制，以及支持动态更新的分布式证书管理方法。研究成果为构建安全可信的数字身份生态系统提供了新的技术路径，对推动数字经济发展具有重要意义。
关键词：区块链；去中心化身份认证；分布式身份标识符；零知识证明
RESEARCH ON DIGITAL IDENTITY AUTHENTICATION TECHNOLOGY BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of the digitization process, the traditional identity authentication system is faced with such challenges as data island, privacy leakage and centralization risk. This study proposes a decentralized digital identity authentication scheme based on blockchain, which aims to solve the security and interoperability problems of existing systems. By constructing a distributed identity identifier system, combining zero-knowledge proof and smart contract technology, a new identity authentication protocol is designed. The scheme is implemented on Hyperledger Fabric platform by combining theoretical analysis with prototype system verification. The experimental results show that the system achieves cross-domain identity authentication on the premise of ensuring user privacy, and the authentication efficiency is improved by about 35% compared with the traditional scheme, and it has the ability to resist single point of failure. The innovation of this research is to propose a fine-grained access control mechanism based on attribute encryption and a distributed certificate management method that supports dynamic updating. The research results provide a new technical path for building a secure and trusted digital identity ecosystem, and are of great significance for promoting the development of digital economy.
KEY WORDS：Blockchain; Decentralized identity authentication; Distributed identity identifier; Zero-knowledge proof
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景及意义 1
1.2 数字身份认证技术研究现状 1
第2章 区块链技术在数字身份认证中的应用基础 2
2.1 区块链技术特性分析 2
2.2 数字身份认证的核心需求 2
2.3 区块链与数字身份认证的契合性 3
第3章 基于区块链的数字身份认证系统架构设计 4
3.1 系统总体架构设计 4
3.2 身份信息存储机制 4
3.3 分布式共识机制优化 5
第4章 区块链数字身份认证系统的安全性与性能评估 6
4.1 系统安全性分析框架 6
4.2 隐私保护机制评估 6
4.3 系统性能测试与优化策略 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
