摘 要
气候变化对森林生态系统的影响显著，是生态学研究的关键议题。本研究评估了气候变化对森林的多维影响，并提出了适应策略。通过分析长期数据、遥感信息和模型模拟，研究了温度升高、降水变化和极端气候对森林物种、碳循环和生态系统服务的影响。结果表明，物种分布向高纬度或高海拔迁移，生物多样性下降；森林碳汇功能受影响，尤其在干旱地区。研究提出了多层次适应策略：保护珍稀物种、优化林分结构、构建生态廊道。结合适应性管理和生态系统服务评估，为区域森林管理政策提供科学依据。采取适应措施能缓解气候变化对森林的负面影响，维持其稳定性和可持续性。本研究丰富了相关理论体系，并为林业政策提供了实践指导。
关键词：气候变化；森林生态系统；碳循环；生物多样性
IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND ITS ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
ABSTRACT
Climate change has a significant impact on forest ecosystems, and it is a key issue in ecological research. This study evaluates the multidimensional impact of climate change on forests and suggests adaptation strategies. The effects of temperature-rise, precipitation variation, and climate extremes on forest species, and ecosystem services were investigated by analyzing long-term data, carbon cycling information, and model simulations. The results show that species distribution moves to high latitude or high altitude, and biodiversity decreases; forest carbon sink function is affected, especially in arid areas. The paper proposed multi-level adaptation strategies: protecting rare species, optimizing forest structure and constructing ecological corridor. Combined with adaptive management and ecosystem service evaluation, it provides a scientific basis for regional forest management policies. Adapting measures can alleviate the negative effects of climate change on forests and maintain their stability and sustainability. This study enriches the relevant theoretical system and provides practical guidance for forestry policy.
KEY WORDS：Climate change; Forest ecosystem; Carbon cycle; Biodiversity
目 录
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT II
第1章 绪论 1
1.1 研究背景与意义 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
第2章 相关概述 2
2.1 温度变化对森林分布的影响 2
2.2 降水模式改变对森林生长的影响 2
2.3 极端气候事件对森林的破坏作用 3
第3章 森林生态系统对气候变化的响应特征 4
3.1 物种组成与群落结构的变化 4
3.2 碳汇功能的时空演变规律 4
3.3 生物多样性的响应机制 5
第4章 森林生态系统适应气候变化的策略研究 6
4.1 基于自然的适应性管理对策 6
4.2 人工干预措施的有效性评估 6
4.3 区域尺度下的综合适应方案 7
第5章 结论 8
参考文献 9
致 谢 10
