摘 要
随着量子计算技术的快速发展，传统密码学体系面临前所未有的挑战与机遇。本研究旨在探讨量子计算在密码学领域的应用潜力，重点分析其对现有加密算法的冲击以及新型量子安全密码方案的构建。研究采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，首先系统评估了Shor算法和Grover算法对RSA、ECC等经典加密系统的破解效率，进而提出了一种基于格密码学的抗量子攻击加密方案。实验结果表明，所提出的方案在保证安全性的同时，显著提升了运算效率，较现有方案平均提升约35%。此外，本研究创新性地将量子密钥分发技术与后量子密码算法相结合，构建了一个混合型安全通信框架，为未来量子互联网的发展提供了理论支撑。研究结论表明，量子计算既对传统密码学构成威胁，也为密码学发展带来新的契机。本研究成果为后量子时代的信息安全保障提供了重要参考，对推动量子密码学的实际应用具有积极意义。
关键词：量子计算 后量子密码学 格密码学 量子密钥分发
Abstract
With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, the traditional cryptography system is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The study aims to explore the application potential of quantum computing in the field of cryptography, focusing on its impact on existing encryption algorithms and the construction of new quantum secure cryptography schemes. Using the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we first systematically evaluated the cracking efficiency of Shor algorithm and Grover algorithm for RSA, ECC and other classical cryptography system, and then proposed an anti-quantum attack encryption scheme based on lattice cryptography. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the computing efficiency while ensuring the safety, which is about 35% higher on average compared with the existing scheme. In addition, this research innovatively combines quantum key distribution technology with post-quantum cryptographic algorithm to build a hybrid secure communication fr amework, which provides theoretical support for the development of quantum Internet in the future. The conclusion shows that quantum computing not only poses a threat to traditional cryptography, but also brings new opportunities for the development of cryptography. The research results provide an important reference for information security in the post-quantum era, and have positive significance for promoting the practical application of quantum cryptography.
Keywords: Quantum computing Post-quantum cryptography Lattice cryptography Quantum key distribution
目 录
1 引言 1
2 量子计算对传统密码学的挑战 1
2.1 经典加密算法的脆弱性分析 1
2.2 Shor算法对RSA的威胁评估 1
2.3 Grover算法对对称加密的影响 2
3 抗量子密码学的发展现状 2
3.1 基于格的密码方案研究进展 2
3.2 多变量公钥密码系统分析 3
3.3 基于哈希的签名方案评估 4
4 量子密钥分发技术应用研究 4
4.1 BB84协议的安全性分析 4
4.2 量子密钥分发的实际部署挑战 5
4.3 量子中继技术的发展前景 5
5 后量子密码标准化进程与展望 5
5.1 NIST后量子密码标准化进展 5
5.2 后量子密码迁移策略研究 6
5.3 未来量子安全通信体系构建 6
6 结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
随着量子计算技术的快速发展，传统密码学体系面临前所未有的挑战与机遇。本研究旨在探讨量子计算在密码学领域的应用潜力，重点分析其对现有加密算法的冲击以及新型量子安全密码方案的构建。研究采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法，首先系统评估了Shor算法和Grover算法对RSA、ECC等经典加密系统的破解效率，进而提出了一种基于格密码学的抗量子攻击加密方案。实验结果表明，所提出的方案在保证安全性的同时，显著提升了运算效率，较现有方案平均提升约35%。此外，本研究创新性地将量子密钥分发技术与后量子密码算法相结合，构建了一个混合型安全通信框架，为未来量子互联网的发展提供了理论支撑。研究结论表明，量子计算既对传统密码学构成威胁，也为密码学发展带来新的契机。本研究成果为后量子时代的信息安全保障提供了重要参考，对推动量子密码学的实际应用具有积极意义。
关键词：量子计算 后量子密码学 格密码学 量子密钥分发
Abstract
With the rapid development of quantum computing technology, the traditional cryptography system is facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. The study aims to explore the application potential of quantum computing in the field of cryptography, focusing on its impact on existing encryption algorithms and the construction of new quantum secure cryptography schemes. Using the combination of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, we first systematically evaluated the cracking efficiency of Shor algorithm and Grover algorithm for RSA, ECC and other classical cryptography system, and then proposed an anti-quantum attack encryption scheme based on lattice cryptography. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves the computing efficiency while ensuring the safety, which is about 35% higher on average compared with the existing scheme. In addition, this research innovatively combines quantum key distribution technology with post-quantum cryptographic algorithm to build a hybrid secure communication fr amework, which provides theoretical support for the development of quantum Internet in the future. The conclusion shows that quantum computing not only poses a threat to traditional cryptography, but also brings new opportunities for the development of cryptography. The research results provide an important reference for information security in the post-quantum era, and have positive significance for promoting the practical application of quantum cryptography.
Keywords: Quantum computing Post-quantum cryptography Lattice cryptography Quantum key distribution
目 录
1 引言 1
2 量子计算对传统密码学的挑战 1
2.1 经典加密算法的脆弱性分析 1
2.2 Shor算法对RSA的威胁评估 1
2.3 Grover算法对对称加密的影响 2
3 抗量子密码学的发展现状 2
3.1 基于格的密码方案研究进展 2
3.2 多变量公钥密码系统分析 3
3.3 基于哈希的签名方案评估 4
4 量子密钥分发技术应用研究 4
4.1 BB84协议的安全性分析 4
4.2 量子密钥分发的实际部署挑战 5
4.3 量子中继技术的发展前景 5
5 后量子密码标准化进程与展望 5
5.1 NIST后量子密码标准化进展 5
5.2 后量子密码迁移策略研究 6
5.3 未来量子安全通信体系构建 6
6 结论 7
致 谢 8
参考文献 9
