人工林病虫害防治策略与生态效应 -林学专业

摘要

人工林作为重要的生态资源，在缓解气候变化、保护生物多样性和提供经济价值方面发挥着关键作用。然而，病虫害的频发严重威胁人工林的健康与可持续发展，传统的化学防治方法虽见效快，但易导致环境污染和生态系统失衡。本研究旨在探索兼顾防治效果与生态效益的综合策略，通过实地调查、实验分析和模型模拟相结合的方法，系统评估不同防治措施对人工林生态系统的影响。研究选取中国南方典型的人工林区为案例，对比分析了生物防治、物理防治和化学防治的效果及其生态效应。结果表明，生物防治在长期控制病虫害方面具有显著优势，同时能够促进土壤微生物多样性和林下植被恢复；物理防治虽成本较高，但对非靶标生物影响较小；化学防治短期内效果显著，但易造成土壤退化和生物多样性下降。基于此，本研究提出了一种以生物防治为核心、结合物理和化学手段的综合防控体系，并通过优化施药时间和剂量，最大限度地减少对环境的影响。

关键词：人工林；病虫害防治；生物防治；生态效益；综合防控体系

STRATEGIES AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF PEST CONTROL IN PLANTATION

ABSTRACT

As an important ecological resource, planted forests play a key role in mitigating climate change, protecting biodiversity and providing economic value. However, the frequent occurrence of pests and diseases is a serious threat to the health and sustainable development of planted forests. Although the traditional chemical control method is effective, it is easy to lead to environmental pollution and ecosystem imbalance. The aim of this study was to explore the comprehensive strategy of combining the control effect and ecological benefit, and systematically evaluate the impact of different control measures on the plantation ecosystem through field investigation, experimental analysis and model simulation. A typical artificial forest area in South China was selected as a case study, and the effects of biological control, physical control and chemical control and their ecological effects were compared. The results showed that biological control has significant advantages in long-term pest control, and can promote soil microbial diversity and understory vegetation restoration. Although the cost of physical control is high, it has little effect on non-target organisms. Chemical control is effective in the short term, but it is easy to cause soil degradation and biodiversity decline. Based on this, this study proposed a comprehensive control system with biological control as the core, combined with physical and chemical means, and minimized the impact on the environment by optimizing the application time and dose.

KEY WORDS：Plantation forest; Pest control; Biological control; Ecological benefits; Comprehensive prevention and control system

摘要 I

ABSTRACT II

第1章绪论 2

1.1 研究背景及意义 2

1.2 人工林病虫害防治研究现状 2

第2章人工林病虫害防治策略分析 4

2.1 化学防治的利弊与生态影响 4

2.2 生物防治的应用与发展趋势 4

2.3 综合防治策略的构建与实践 5

第3章人工林病虫害防治的生态效应评估 6

3.1 防治措施对生物多样性的影响 6