摘 要
农业面源污染已成为全球环境问题的重要组成部分，尤其在中国，随着农业现代化的推进，其影响日益显著。本研究旨在探讨农业面源污染的成因及其控制对策，以期为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。研究采用文献综述、实地调查和模型模拟相结合的方法，系统分析了农药、化肥过量使用、畜禽养殖废弃物排放等因素对水体和土壤的污染机制。结果显示，中国部分地区由于不合理的农业生产方式，导致氮、磷等营养物质大量流失，严重影响了水质和土壤健康。为此，本研究提出了一系列综合控制措施，包括推广精准施肥技术、优化畜禽养殖布局、加强农村环境治理等。特别地，创新性地引入了基于大数据和人工智能的农业管理系统，以提高资源利用效率和减少污染排放。这些措施在试点地区的应用表明，能够有效降低农业面源污染水平，提升生态环境质量。本研究的贡献在于不仅揭示了农业面源污染的深层次原因，还提供了切实可行的解决方案，对于推动中国乃至全球的农业绿色发展具有重要意义。
关键词：农业面源污染;精准施肥技术;畜禽养殖废弃物
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become an important part of the global environmental problems, especially in China, with the advancement of agricultural modernization, its impact has become increasingly significant. This study aims to investigate the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution and its control countermeasures in order to provide scientific basis for environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. The study used literature review, field investigation and model simulation to systematically analyze the pollution mechanism of water and soil by pesticides, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and livestock and poultry waste discharge. The results show that due to unreasonable agricultural production methods in some parts of China, large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients are lost, which seriously affects water quality and soil health. To this end, this study proposed a series of comprehensive control measures, including promoting precision fertilization technology, optimizing the layout of livestock and poultry breeding, and strengthening rural environmental governance. In particular, agricultural management systems based on big data and artificial intelligence have been innovatively introduced to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce pollution emissions. The application of these measures in the pilot areas shows that they can effectively reduce the level of agricultural non-point source pollution and improve the quality of ecological environment. The contribution of this study is that it not only reveals the deep causes of agricultural non-point source pollution, but also provides practical solutions, which is of great significance for promoting the green development of agriculture in China and even the world.
Keywords：Agricultural non-point source pollution; precision fertilization technology; livestock and poultry breeding waste
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 农业面源污染现状分析 2
1.1 农业面源污染的定义与分类 2
1.2 中国农业面源污染的主要来源 2
1.3 农业面源污染的环境影响评估 3
第二章 农业面源污染成因研究 4
2.1 农药与化肥过量使用的影响 4
2.2 畜禽养殖废弃物排放问题 4
2.3 农田径流与土壤侵蚀的作用 5
第三章 农业面源污染控制技术探讨 6
3.1 生态农业技术的应用与效果 6
3.2 精准施肥技术的推广与实践 6
3.3 畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用技术 7
3.4 农田水土保持措施的实施策略 7
第四章 农业面源污染政策与管理对策 9
4.1 现行农业环境保护政策的评估 9
4.2 农业面源污染治理的法律框架建设 9
4.3 地方政府在污染控制中的角色与责任 10
4.4 公众参与和社会监督机制的构建 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
农业面源污染已成为全球环境问题的重要组成部分，尤其在中国，随着农业现代化的推进，其影响日益显著。本研究旨在探讨农业面源污染的成因及其控制对策，以期为环境保护和农业可持续发展提供科学依据。研究采用文献综述、实地调查和模型模拟相结合的方法，系统分析了农药、化肥过量使用、畜禽养殖废弃物排放等因素对水体和土壤的污染机制。结果显示，中国部分地区由于不合理的农业生产方式，导致氮、磷等营养物质大量流失，严重影响了水质和土壤健康。为此，本研究提出了一系列综合控制措施，包括推广精准施肥技术、优化畜禽养殖布局、加强农村环境治理等。特别地，创新性地引入了基于大数据和人工智能的农业管理系统，以提高资源利用效率和减少污染排放。这些措施在试点地区的应用表明，能够有效降低农业面源污染水平，提升生态环境质量。本研究的贡献在于不仅揭示了农业面源污染的深层次原因，还提供了切实可行的解决方案，对于推动中国乃至全球的农业绿色发展具有重要意义。
关键词：农业面源污染;精准施肥技术;畜禽养殖废弃物
Abstract
Agricultural non-point source pollution has become an important part of the global environmental problems, especially in China, with the advancement of agricultural modernization, its impact has become increasingly significant. This study aims to investigate the causes of agricultural non-point source pollution and its control countermeasures in order to provide scientific basis for environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development. The study used literature review, field investigation and model simulation to systematically analyze the pollution mechanism of water and soil by pesticides, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and livestock and poultry waste discharge. The results show that due to unreasonable agricultural production methods in some parts of China, large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients are lost, which seriously affects water quality and soil health. To this end, this study proposed a series of comprehensive control measures, including promoting precision fertilization technology, optimizing the layout of livestock and poultry breeding, and strengthening rural environmental governance. In particular, agricultural management systems based on big data and artificial intelligence have been innovatively introduced to improve the efficiency of resource utilization and reduce pollution emissions. The application of these measures in the pilot areas shows that they can effectively reduce the level of agricultural non-point source pollution and improve the quality of ecological environment. The contribution of this study is that it not only reveals the deep causes of agricultural non-point source pollution, but also provides practical solutions, which is of great significance for promoting the green development of agriculture in China and even the world.
Keywords：Agricultural non-point source pollution; precision fertilization technology; livestock and poultry breeding waste
目 录
引 言 1
第一章 农业面源污染现状分析 2
1.1 农业面源污染的定义与分类 2
1.2 中国农业面源污染的主要来源 2
1.3 农业面源污染的环境影响评估 3
第二章 农业面源污染成因研究 4
2.1 农药与化肥过量使用的影响 4
2.2 畜禽养殖废弃物排放问题 4
2.3 农田径流与土壤侵蚀的作用 5
第三章 农业面源污染控制技术探讨 6
3.1 生态农业技术的应用与效果 6
3.2 精准施肥技术的推广与实践 6
3.3 畜禽养殖废弃物资源化利用技术 7
3.4 农田水土保持措施的实施策略 7
第四章 农业面源污染政策与管理对策 9
4.1 现行农业环境保护政策的评估 9
4.2 农业面源污染治理的法律框架建设 9
4.3 地方政府在污染控制中的角色与责任 10
4.4 公众参与和社会监督机制的构建 10
结 论 12
参考文献 13
致 谢 14
