高层建筑基础选型与施工关键技术研究
摘要
随着城市化进程的加速，高层建筑已成为现代城市发展的重要标志。高层建筑的基础选型与施工关键技术作为确保建筑安全、稳定及经济性的关键环节，日益受到业界的广泛关注。本文深入探讨了高层建筑基础选型的重要性、原则及常见形式，并详细分析了施工过程中的关键技术及其优化策略。在基础选型方面，本文指出，高层建筑基础设计需综合考虑地质条件、建筑高度、荷载特性、施工条件及经济性等多方面因素。常见的基础形式包括筏型基础、箱形基础、桩基础及柱下独立基础等，每种基础形式都有其独特的适用条件和优缺点。例如，筏型基础适用于地基承载力较低、变形控制要求较高的建筑；箱形基础则因其良好的整体性和刚度，在高层建筑中应用广泛；桩基础则特别适用于地质条件复杂、承载力要求高的场合。施工关键技术方面，本文强调了深基础开挖与支护、大体积混凝土施工、结构转换层施工及施工后浇带处理等技术的重要性。深基础开挖与支护技术直接关系到施工安全和周边环境稳定，需采用科学合理的支护方案；大体积混凝土施工则需严格控制施工温度、环境及浇筑工艺，防止裂缝产生；结构转换层施工需解决上下部结构形式转换带来的复杂受力问题；施工后浇带处理则是调节高层与低层结构差异沉降的有效手段。本文还探讨了高层建筑施工中的新材料、新技术应用，如高性能混凝土、预制装配式建筑技术等，这些新技术的应用有望进一步提升高层建筑施工效率和质量。
关键词：高层建筑；基础选型；施工关键技术
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have become an important symbol of modern urban development. As a key link to ensure building safety, stability and economy, the foundation selection and construction key technology of high-rise buildings have been paid more and more attention by the industry. This paper deeply discusses the importance, principle and common form of foundation selection of high-rise building, and analyzes the key technology and optimization strategy in the construction process in detail. In terms of foundation selection, this paper points out that the foundation design of high-rise buildings should consider geological conditions, building height, load characteristics, construction conditions and economic factors. The common foundation forms include raft foundation, box foundation, pile foundation and independent foundation under column, etc. Each foundation form has its unique applicable conditions and advantages and disadvantages. For example, raft foundation is suitable for buildings with low foundation bearing capacity and high deformation control requirements. Box foundation is widely used in high-rise buildings because of its good integrity and stiffness. Pile foundation is especially suitable for complex geological conditions and high bearing capacity. In terms of key construction technologies, the importance of deep foundation excavation and support, mass concrete construction, structural transfer layer construction and post-construction casting strip treatment are emphasized. Deep foundation excavation and support technology are directly related to construction safety and stability of surrounding environment, so scientific and reasonable support scheme should be adopted. The construction temperature, environment and pouring technology of mass concrete should be strictly controlled to prevent cracks. The construction of structural transfer layer needs to solve the complex force problem caused by the upper and lower structural form transformation; The treatment of pouring strip after construction is an effective means to adjust the differential settlement between high-rise and low-rise structures. This paper also discusses the application of new materials and new technologies in the construction of high-rise buildings, such as high performance concrete, prefabricated building technology, etc. The application of these new technologies is expected to further improve the construction efficiency and quality of high-rise buildings.
Key words: high-rise building; Foundation selection; Key construction technology
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、高层建筑基础选型关键技术 5
2.1 地质勘察技术 5
2.1.1 场地地质调查 5
2.1.2 钻探与取样分析 5
2.2 基础设计方案比较 6
2.2.1 方案制定依据 6
2.2.2 成本效益分析 6
2.3 计算模型与分析方法 6
2.3.1 力学模型建立 6
2.3.2 数值分析工具应用 7
2.4 优化设计与风险评估 7
2.4.1 设计参数优化 7
2.4.2 工程风险预测与评估 8
三、高层建筑基础施工研究 8
3.1 施工前的准备工作 8
3.1.1 施工方案编制 8
3.1.2 施工场地布置 9
3.2 基础施工中的关键技术 9
3.2.1 地基处理技术 9
3.2.2 基础设施建设技术 10
3.3 施工过程监控与管理 10
3.3.1 质量控制措施 10
3.3.2 进度与安全管理 11
3.4 施工后期的检验与评估 11
3.4.1 结构安全性检验 11
3.4.2 工程质量评估标准 12
四、特定条件下的基础选型与施工案例分析 12
4.1 软土地区基础工程案例 12
4.1.1 基础选型考虑因素 12
4.1.2 施工技术与问题处理 13
4.2 硬岩地区基础工程案例 13
4.2.1 基础设计方案特点 13
4.2.2 施工挑战与对策 14
4.3 城市更新中的基础工程案例 14
4.3.1 旧基础改造策略 14
4.3.2 新基础建设实践 15
4.4 复杂环境下的基础工程案例 15
4.4.1 环境影响评价 15
4.4.2 技术创新与应用 16
五、结论 16
参考文献 17
摘要
随着城市化进程的加速，高层建筑已成为现代城市发展的重要标志。高层建筑的基础选型与施工关键技术作为确保建筑安全、稳定及经济性的关键环节，日益受到业界的广泛关注。本文深入探讨了高层建筑基础选型的重要性、原则及常见形式，并详细分析了施工过程中的关键技术及其优化策略。在基础选型方面，本文指出，高层建筑基础设计需综合考虑地质条件、建筑高度、荷载特性、施工条件及经济性等多方面因素。常见的基础形式包括筏型基础、箱形基础、桩基础及柱下独立基础等，每种基础形式都有其独特的适用条件和优缺点。例如，筏型基础适用于地基承载力较低、变形控制要求较高的建筑；箱形基础则因其良好的整体性和刚度，在高层建筑中应用广泛；桩基础则特别适用于地质条件复杂、承载力要求高的场合。施工关键技术方面，本文强调了深基础开挖与支护、大体积混凝土施工、结构转换层施工及施工后浇带处理等技术的重要性。深基础开挖与支护技术直接关系到施工安全和周边环境稳定，需采用科学合理的支护方案；大体积混凝土施工则需严格控制施工温度、环境及浇筑工艺，防止裂缝产生；结构转换层施工需解决上下部结构形式转换带来的复杂受力问题；施工后浇带处理则是调节高层与低层结构差异沉降的有效手段。本文还探讨了高层建筑施工中的新材料、新技术应用，如高性能混凝土、预制装配式建筑技术等，这些新技术的应用有望进一步提升高层建筑施工效率和质量。
关键词：高层建筑；基础选型；施工关键技术
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, high-rise buildings have become an important symbol of modern urban development. As a key link to ensure building safety, stability and economy, the foundation selection and construction key technology of high-rise buildings have been paid more and more attention by the industry. This paper deeply discusses the importance, principle and common form of foundation selection of high-rise building, and analyzes the key technology and optimization strategy in the construction process in detail. In terms of foundation selection, this paper points out that the foundation design of high-rise buildings should consider geological conditions, building height, load characteristics, construction conditions and economic factors. The common foundation forms include raft foundation, box foundation, pile foundation and independent foundation under column, etc. Each foundation form has its unique applicable conditions and advantages and disadvantages. For example, raft foundation is suitable for buildings with low foundation bearing capacity and high deformation control requirements. Box foundation is widely used in high-rise buildings because of its good integrity and stiffness. Pile foundation is especially suitable for complex geological conditions and high bearing capacity. In terms of key construction technologies, the importance of deep foundation excavation and support, mass concrete construction, structural transfer layer construction and post-construction casting strip treatment are emphasized. Deep foundation excavation and support technology are directly related to construction safety and stability of surrounding environment, so scientific and reasonable support scheme should be adopted. The construction temperature, environment and pouring technology of mass concrete should be strictly controlled to prevent cracks. The construction of structural transfer layer needs to solve the complex force problem caused by the upper and lower structural form transformation; The treatment of pouring strip after construction is an effective means to adjust the differential settlement between high-rise and low-rise structures. This paper also discusses the application of new materials and new technologies in the construction of high-rise buildings, such as high performance concrete, prefabricated building technology, etc. The application of these new technologies is expected to further improve the construction efficiency and quality of high-rise buildings.
Key words: high-rise building; Foundation selection; Key construction technology
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、高层建筑基础选型关键技术 5
2.1 地质勘察技术 5
2.1.1 场地地质调查 5
2.1.2 钻探与取样分析 5
2.2 基础设计方案比较 6
2.2.1 方案制定依据 6
2.2.2 成本效益分析 6
2.3 计算模型与分析方法 6
2.3.1 力学模型建立 6
2.3.2 数值分析工具应用 7
2.4 优化设计与风险评估 7
2.4.1 设计参数优化 7
2.4.2 工程风险预测与评估 8
三、高层建筑基础施工研究 8
3.1 施工前的准备工作 8
3.1.1 施工方案编制 8
3.1.2 施工场地布置 9
3.2 基础施工中的关键技术 9
3.2.1 地基处理技术 9
3.2.2 基础设施建设技术 10
3.3 施工过程监控与管理 10
3.3.1 质量控制措施 10
3.3.2 进度与安全管理 11
3.4 施工后期的检验与评估 11
3.4.1 结构安全性检验 11
3.4.2 工程质量评估标准 12
四、特定条件下的基础选型与施工案例分析 12
4.1 软土地区基础工程案例 12
4.1.1 基础选型考虑因素 12
4.1.2 施工技术与问题处理 13
4.2 硬岩地区基础工程案例 13
4.2.1 基础设计方案特点 13
4.2.2 施工挑战与对策 14
4.3 城市更新中的基础工程案例 14
4.3.1 旧基础改造策略 14
4.3.2 新基础建设实践 15
4.4 复杂环境下的基础工程案例 15
4.4.1 环境影响评价 15
4.4.2 技术创新与应用 16
五、结论 16
参考文献 17
