孤独症儿童融合教育中的问题与对策研究
摘 要
孤独症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）作为一种复杂的神经发展性障碍，显著影响着儿童的社交互动、沟通能力和行为模式。随着社会对特殊教育需求的日益关注，孤独症儿童的融合教育成为教育领域的重要议题。本研究聚焦于孤独症儿童在融合教育过程中遇到的问题及其解决对策。通过梳理孤独症理论基础、融合教育理论和支持系统理论，为分析孤独症儿童融合教育的现状与挑战提供理论支撑。研究指出，孤独症儿童在融合教育中主要面临教育环境适应性差、教学策略不匹配、支持系统不完善以及自身沟通障碍与行为问题等多重挑战。针对这些问题，本研究提出了优化教育环境、创新教学策略、完善支持系统及强化孤独症儿童自身能力等对策。具体而言，包括打造包容性物理环境、营造接纳性心理氛围、实施多元化教学方法、强化个性化教学支持、加强家庭教育与培训、促进学校与社区紧密合作以及提供专业干预与训练等措施。本研究旨在为孤独症儿童融合教育的实践提供指导，促进孤独症儿童的社会融合与全面发展。
关键词：孤独症儿童；融合教育；社交能力
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders, as a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, significantly affects children's social interaction, communication skills, and behavioral patterns. With the increasing attention to the special education needs, the integrated education of autistic children has become an important issue in the field of education. This study focuses on the problems encountered by autistic children in the process of integration education and their solutions. By sorting out the theoretical basis of autism, integrating education theory and supporting system theory, it provides theoretical support for the analysis of the current situation and challenges of integrated education of autistic children with autism. According to the study, children with autism mainly face multiple challenges in integrated education, such as poor adaptability of educational environment, unmatched teaching strategies, imperfect support systems, and their own communication barriers and behavioral problems. In view of these problems, this research puts forward some countermeasures, such as optimizing the educational environment, innovating the teaching strategies, improving the support system and strengthening the ability of autistic children. Specifically, it includes creating an inclusive physical environment, creating an accepting psychological atmosphere, implementing diversified teaching methods, strengthening personalized teaching support, strengthening family education and training, promoting close cooperation between schools and the community, and providing professional intervention and training. This study aims to provide guidance for the practice of integration education of autistic children and promote the social integration and comprehensive development of autistic children.
Key words: Autistic children; integrated education; social skills
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、相关理论概述 2
1.1、孤独症理论基础 2
1.2、融合教育理论 2
1.3、支持系统理论 3
第2章、融合教育对孤独症儿童发展的作用 4
2.1、促进社会交往能力 4
2.2、提升学业成就 4
2.3、增强自信心与自我认知 4
第3章、孤独症儿童融合教育中的问题 6
3.1、教育环境适应性差 6
3.2、教学策略不匹配 6
3.3、支持系统不完善 7
3.4、孤独症儿童自身障碍 7
第4章、解决孤独症儿童融合教育问题的对策 8
4.1、优化教育环境 8
4.2、创新教学策略 8
4.3、完善支持系统 9
4.4、强化孤独症儿童自身能力 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
摘 要
孤独症谱系障碍（Autism Spectrum Disorder, ASD）作为一种复杂的神经发展性障碍，显著影响着儿童的社交互动、沟通能力和行为模式。随着社会对特殊教育需求的日益关注，孤独症儿童的融合教育成为教育领域的重要议题。本研究聚焦于孤独症儿童在融合教育过程中遇到的问题及其解决对策。通过梳理孤独症理论基础、融合教育理论和支持系统理论，为分析孤独症儿童融合教育的现状与挑战提供理论支撑。研究指出，孤独症儿童在融合教育中主要面临教育环境适应性差、教学策略不匹配、支持系统不完善以及自身沟通障碍与行为问题等多重挑战。针对这些问题，本研究提出了优化教育环境、创新教学策略、完善支持系统及强化孤独症儿童自身能力等对策。具体而言，包括打造包容性物理环境、营造接纳性心理氛围、实施多元化教学方法、强化个性化教学支持、加强家庭教育与培训、促进学校与社区紧密合作以及提供专业干预与训练等措施。本研究旨在为孤独症儿童融合教育的实践提供指导，促进孤独症儿童的社会融合与全面发展。
关键词：孤独症儿童；融合教育；社交能力
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders, as a complex neurodevelopmental disorder, significantly affects children's social interaction, communication skills, and behavioral patterns. With the increasing attention to the special education needs, the integrated education of autistic children has become an important issue in the field of education. This study focuses on the problems encountered by autistic children in the process of integration education and their solutions. By sorting out the theoretical basis of autism, integrating education theory and supporting system theory, it provides theoretical support for the analysis of the current situation and challenges of integrated education of autistic children with autism. According to the study, children with autism mainly face multiple challenges in integrated education, such as poor adaptability of educational environment, unmatched teaching strategies, imperfect support systems, and their own communication barriers and behavioral problems. In view of these problems, this research puts forward some countermeasures, such as optimizing the educational environment, innovating the teaching strategies, improving the support system and strengthening the ability of autistic children. Specifically, it includes creating an inclusive physical environment, creating an accepting psychological atmosphere, implementing diversified teaching methods, strengthening personalized teaching support, strengthening family education and training, promoting close cooperation between schools and the community, and providing professional intervention and training. This study aims to provide guidance for the practice of integration education of autistic children and promote the social integration and comprehensive development of autistic children.
Key words: Autistic children; integrated education; social skills
目 录
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目 录 III
引 言 1
第1章、相关理论概述 2
1.1、孤独症理论基础 2
1.2、融合教育理论 2
1.3、支持系统理论 3
第2章、融合教育对孤独症儿童发展的作用 4
2.1、促进社会交往能力 4
2.2、提升学业成就 4
2.3、增强自信心与自我认知 4
第3章、孤独症儿童融合教育中的问题 6
3.1、教育环境适应性差 6
3.2、教学策略不匹配 6
3.3、支持系统不完善 7
3.4、孤独症儿童自身障碍 7
第4章、解决孤独症儿童融合教育问题的对策 8
4.1、优化教育环境 8
4.2、创新教学策略 8
4.3、完善支持系统 9
4.4、强化孤独症儿童自身能力 9
结 论 10
参考文献 11
