地铁车站深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测
摘要
地铁车站作为城市轨道交通系统的重要组成部分，其建设过程中的深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测对于确保施工安全、保护周边环境以及提高工程质量具有至关重要的作用。本文围绕地铁车站深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测两个核心议题展开了深入研究。本文详细探讨了地铁车站深基坑支护结构的选型原则与依据。鉴于地铁车站深基坑工程具有地质条件复杂、地下水位高、安全风险大等特点，支护结构的选型需综合考虑基坑深度、地质条件、地下水位、周边环境及施工条件等多种因素。通过对不同支护结构形式（如重力式挡土墙、悬臂式挡土墙、拉锚式挡土墙、土钉墙、排桩加冠梁等）的优缺点进行比较分析，本文提出了基于工程实际情况的支护结构选型方案，旨在实现支护结构的经济性与安全性并重。本文重点介绍了地铁车站深基坑施工监测的内容与方法。施工监测作为保障深基坑施工安全的重要手段，包括基坑变形监测、支护结构内力监测、地下水位监测以及周边环境监测等多个方面。通过布设合理的监测点、采用先进的监测仪器和技术手段，本文对地铁车站深基坑施工过程中的各项监测数据进行了实时采集与分析，及时发现并处理了施工过程中的异常情况，为施工安全和质量控制提供了有力保障。本文总结了地铁车站深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测的研究成果与经验。通过实际案例分析，本文验证了所选支护结构的适用性和施工监测的有效性，为类似工程提供了宝贵的参考与借鉴。同时，本文也指出了当前研究中存在的不足与未来研究方向，强调了持续创新和技术进步对于推动地铁车站深基坑工程领域发展的重要性。
关键词：地铁车站；深基坑；支护结构选型
Abstract
As an important part of urban rail transit system, the selection and construction monitoring of deep foundation pit supporting structure in subway station plays a crucial role in ensuring construction safety, protecting surrounding environment and improving project quality. In this paper, the selection of deep foundation pit supporting structure and construction monitoring of subway stations are studied deeply. This paper discusses in detail the selection principle and basis of deep foundation pit supporting structure of subway station. In view of the complex geological conditions, high groundwater level and high safety risk, the selection of supporting structure should consider the depth of foundation pit, geological conditions, groundwater level, surrounding environment and construction conditions. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different supporting structures (such as gravity retaining wall, cantilever retaining wall, pull anchor retaining wall, soil nailing wall, pile row and crown beam, etc.), this paper puts forward the selection scheme of supporting structure based on the actual situation of engineering, aiming at achieving both economy and safety of supporting structure. This paper mainly introduces the content and method of construction monitoring of deep foundation pit in subway station. As an important means to ensure the safety of deep foundation pit construction, construction monitoring includes pit deformation monitoring, internal force monitoring of supporting structure, groundwater level monitoring and surrounding environment monitoring. By arranging reasonable monitoring points and adopting advanced monitoring instruments and technical means, this paper collects and analyzes various monitoring data during the construction of deep foundation pit in subway stations in real time, finds and deals with the abnormal conditions in the construction process in time, and provides a strong guarantee for construction safety and quality control. This paper summarizes the research results and experience of selection and construction monitoring of deep foundation pit supporting structure in subway stations. Through the actual case analysis, this paper verifies the applicability of the selected support structure and the effectiveness of construction monitoring, which provides valuable reference for similar projects. At the same time, this paper also points out the shortcomings of the current research and the future research direction, and emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation and technological progress in promoting the development of deep foundation pit engineering in subway stations.
Key words: Subway stations; Deep foundation pit; Selection of supporting structure
目录
一、绪论 3
1.1 研究背景 3
1.2 研究目的及意义 3
1.3 国内外研究现状 3
二、支护结构选型原则与方法 4
2.1 选型原则 4
2.1.1 安全性原则 4
2.1.2 经济性原则 4
2.2 选型方法 5
2.2.1 经验法 5
2.2.2 计算分析法 5
2.3 选型影响因素分析 5
2.3.1 地质条件的影响 5
2.3.2 施工条件的影响 6
2.4 选型决策与优化 6
2.4.1 选型决策过程 6
2.4.2 选型优化方法 7
三、施工监测方案设计与实施 7
3.1 监测方案设计 7
3.1.1 监测项目的选择 7
3.1.2 监测仪器的选择 7
3.2 监测数据采集与处理 8
3.2.1 数据采集方法 8
3.2.2 数据处理与分析 8
3.3 监测结果评价与预警 8
3.3.1 监测结果的评价标准 8
3.3.2 预警机制的建立 8
3.4 监测方案的科学性与有效性分析 9
3.4.1 科学性论证 9
3.4.2 有效性评价 9
四、施工过程中的支护结构调整 10
4.1 施工过程中的问题与挑战 10
4.2 结构动态调整策略 10
4.3 安全风险的预防与控制 10
五、案例分析 11
5.1 典型案例介绍 11
5.2 案例中的支护结构选型与施工监测实践 11
5.3 案例分析的启示 12
六、结论 12
参考文献 13
摘要
地铁车站作为城市轨道交通系统的重要组成部分，其建设过程中的深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测对于确保施工安全、保护周边环境以及提高工程质量具有至关重要的作用。本文围绕地铁车站深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测两个核心议题展开了深入研究。本文详细探讨了地铁车站深基坑支护结构的选型原则与依据。鉴于地铁车站深基坑工程具有地质条件复杂、地下水位高、安全风险大等特点，支护结构的选型需综合考虑基坑深度、地质条件、地下水位、周边环境及施工条件等多种因素。通过对不同支护结构形式（如重力式挡土墙、悬臂式挡土墙、拉锚式挡土墙、土钉墙、排桩加冠梁等）的优缺点进行比较分析，本文提出了基于工程实际情况的支护结构选型方案，旨在实现支护结构的经济性与安全性并重。本文重点介绍了地铁车站深基坑施工监测的内容与方法。施工监测作为保障深基坑施工安全的重要手段，包括基坑变形监测、支护结构内力监测、地下水位监测以及周边环境监测等多个方面。通过布设合理的监测点、采用先进的监测仪器和技术手段，本文对地铁车站深基坑施工过程中的各项监测数据进行了实时采集与分析，及时发现并处理了施工过程中的异常情况，为施工安全和质量控制提供了有力保障。本文总结了地铁车站深基坑支护结构选型与施工监测的研究成果与经验。通过实际案例分析，本文验证了所选支护结构的适用性和施工监测的有效性，为类似工程提供了宝贵的参考与借鉴。同时，本文也指出了当前研究中存在的不足与未来研究方向，强调了持续创新和技术进步对于推动地铁车站深基坑工程领域发展的重要性。
关键词：地铁车站；深基坑；支护结构选型
Abstract
As an important part of urban rail transit system, the selection and construction monitoring of deep foundation pit supporting structure in subway station plays a crucial role in ensuring construction safety, protecting surrounding environment and improving project quality. In this paper, the selection of deep foundation pit supporting structure and construction monitoring of subway stations are studied deeply. This paper discusses in detail the selection principle and basis of deep foundation pit supporting structure of subway station. In view of the complex geological conditions, high groundwater level and high safety risk, the selection of supporting structure should consider the depth of foundation pit, geological conditions, groundwater level, surrounding environment and construction conditions. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different supporting structures (such as gravity retaining wall, cantilever retaining wall, pull anchor retaining wall, soil nailing wall, pile row and crown beam, etc.), this paper puts forward the selection scheme of supporting structure based on the actual situation of engineering, aiming at achieving both economy and safety of supporting structure. This paper mainly introduces the content and method of construction monitoring of deep foundation pit in subway station. As an important means to ensure the safety of deep foundation pit construction, construction monitoring includes pit deformation monitoring, internal force monitoring of supporting structure, groundwater level monitoring and surrounding environment monitoring. By arranging reasonable monitoring points and adopting advanced monitoring instruments and technical means, this paper collects and analyzes various monitoring data during the construction of deep foundation pit in subway stations in real time, finds and deals with the abnormal conditions in the construction process in time, and provides a strong guarantee for construction safety and quality control. This paper summarizes the research results and experience of selection and construction monitoring of deep foundation pit supporting structure in subway stations. Through the actual case analysis, this paper verifies the applicability of the selected support structure and the effectiveness of construction monitoring, which provides valuable reference for similar projects. At the same time, this paper also points out the shortcomings of the current research and the future research direction, and emphasizes the importance of continuous innovation and technological progress in promoting the development of deep foundation pit engineering in subway stations.
Key words: Subway stations; Deep foundation pit; Selection of supporting structure
目录
一、绪论 3
1.1 研究背景 3
1.2 研究目的及意义 3
1.3 国内外研究现状 3
二、支护结构选型原则与方法 4
2.1 选型原则 4
2.1.1 安全性原则 4
2.1.2 经济性原则 4
2.2 选型方法 5
2.2.1 经验法 5
2.2.2 计算分析法 5
2.3 选型影响因素分析 5
2.3.1 地质条件的影响 5
2.3.2 施工条件的影响 6
2.4 选型决策与优化 6
2.4.1 选型决策过程 6
2.4.2 选型优化方法 7
三、施工监测方案设计与实施 7
3.1 监测方案设计 7
3.1.1 监测项目的选择 7
3.1.2 监测仪器的选择 7
3.2 监测数据采集与处理 8
3.2.1 数据采集方法 8
3.2.2 数据处理与分析 8
3.3 监测结果评价与预警 8
3.3.1 监测结果的评价标准 8
3.3.2 预警机制的建立 8
3.4 监测方案的科学性与有效性分析 9
3.4.1 科学性论证 9
3.4.2 有效性评价 9
四、施工过程中的支护结构调整 10
4.1 施工过程中的问题与挑战 10
4.2 结构动态调整策略 10
4.3 安全风险的预防与控制 10
五、案例分析 11
5.1 典型案例介绍 11
5.2 案例中的支护结构选型与施工监测实践 11
5.3 案例分析的启示 12
六、结论 12
参考文献 13
