城市地铁隧道盾构施工中的地层变形监测与控制
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快，地铁作为缓解城市交通压力的重要手段，其建设规模日益扩大。在地铁隧道施工中，盾构法因其高效、安全、环保等优点而被广泛应用。然而，盾构施工过程中不可避免地会对周围地层产生扰动，导致地层变形，进而影响地面建筑、地下管线和地铁隧道自身的安全。因此，对盾构施工中的地层变形进行准确监测和有效控制，是确保地铁隧道施工安全和质量的关键。本文首先介绍了地铁隧道盾构施工的基本原理和流程，分析了盾构施工过程中地层变形的成因和影响因素。地层变形主要由盾构掘进过程中的土体扰动、注浆压力不足、掘进速度不当等因素引起，表现为地面沉降、隆起以及建筑物的倾斜和裂缝等。针对地层变形问题，本文重点探讨了地层变形的监测技术。通过布设地表沉降观测点、深层土体位移监测孔以及建筑物和管线的变形监测点，采用高精度测量仪器和方法，对盾构施工过程中的地层变形进行实时监测和数据分析。同时，结合数值模拟和现场试验等手段，深入研究了地层变形的规律和特点，为控制措施的制定提供了科学依据。在控制措施方面，本文提出了多种有效手段。一是优化盾构掘进参数，如调整前仓压力、控制掘进速度和同步注浆压力等，以减少对周围地层的扰动；二是加强注浆加固措施，通过提高注浆浆液的性能和注浆压力，增强地层的强度和稳定性；三是采取必要的工程措施，如地下连续墙、桩基托换等，对可能受到影响的建筑物和管线进行保护和加固。本文总结了盾构施工中地层变形监测与控制的重要性和必要性，并指出了未来研究的方向和重点。随着地铁建设的不断推进和盾构施工技术的不断发展，地层变形监测与控制将成为一个持续关注的热点问题。通过不断探索和创新，提高监测技术的精度和可靠性，完善控制措施的针对性和有效性，将为地铁隧道施工的安全和质量提供更加坚实的保障。
关键词：地铁隧道；盾构施工；地层变形
Abstract
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the subway as an important means to relieve the urban traffic pressure, its construction scale is expanding day by day. In subway tunnel construction, shield tunneling method is widely used because of its advantages of high efficiency, safety and environmental protection. However, in the process of shield construction, the surrounding strata will inevitably be disturbed, resulting in formation deformation, which will affect the safety of ground buildings, underground pipelines and subway tunnels. Therefore, accurate monitoring and effective control of formation deformation in shield construction is the key to ensure the safety and quality of subway tunnel construction. This paper first introduces the basic principle and process of shield construction of subway tunnel, analyzes the causes and influencing factors of formation deformation during shield construction. Formation deformation is mainly caused by soil disturbance, insufficient grouting pressure, improper driving speed and other factors in the process of shield tunneling, such as ground subsidence, uplift, incline and crack of buildings. Aiming at the problem of formation deformation, this paper focuses on the monitoring technology of formation deformation. By laying ground settlement observation points, deep soil displacement monitoring holes and deformation monitoring points of buildings and pipelines, high-precision measuring instruments and methods are adopted to carry out real-time monitoring and data analysis of formation deformation during shield construction. At the same time, combined with numerical simulation and field test, the law and characteristics of formation deformation are deeply studied, which provides a scientific basis for the formulation of control measures. In terms of control measures, this paper puts forward a variety of effective means. The first is to optimize the shield tunneling parameters, such as adjusting the front chamber pressure, controlling the tunneling speed and synchronous grouting pressure, so as to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding strata; The second is to strengthen the grouting reinforcement measures to enhance the strength and stability of the stratum by improving the performance of the grouting fluid and the grouting pressure; The third is to take necessary engineering measures, such as underground continuous wall, pile foundation replacement, etc., to protect and reinforce the buildings and pipelines that may be affected. This paper summarizes the importance and necessity of formation deformation monitoring and control in shield construction, and points out the direction and focus of future research. With the continuous development of subway construction and shield construction technology, the monitoring and control of formation deformation will become a hot issue. Through continuous exploration and innovation, improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring technology and improving the pertinence and effectiveness of control measures will provide a more solid guarantee for the safety and quality of subway tunnel construction.
Key words: Subway tunnel; Shield construction; Formation deformation
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、相关技术与理论基础 5
2.1 盾构施工技术概述 5
2.1.1 盾构施工技术的原理 5
2.1.2 盾构施工技术在地铁建设中的应用 5
2.2 地层变形机理 6
2.2.1 地层变形的原因 6
2.2.2 地层变形的影响因素 6
2.3 监测与控制理论 7
2.3.1 监测技术的原理 7
2.3.2 控制技术的方法 7
2.4 理论的技术适用性分析 7
2.4.1 技术可行性 7
2.4.2 适用性评价 8
三、盾构施工中的地层变形监测 9
3.1 监测方案设计 9
3.1.1 监测方案的原则 9
3.1.2 监测参数的确定 9
3.2 监测设备与安装 9
3.2.1 监测设备的选择 9
3.2.2 监测设备的安装与调试 10
3.3 监测数据的采集与处理 10
3.3.1 数据采集方法 10
3.3.2 数据处理与分析 10
3.4 地层变形预测模型 11
3.4.1 预测模型的建立 11
3.4.2 预测模型的验证 11
四、盾构施工中的风险评估与管理 12
4.1 风险识别与评估 12
4.1.1 风险因素的识别 12
4.1.2 风险评估的方法 12
4.2 风险控制与应对策略 12
4.2.1 风险控制的措施 12
4.2.2 应对策略的制定 13
4.3 风险监测与预警系统 13
4.3.1 风险监测的技术 13
4.3.2 预警系统的建立 13
4.4 风险管理的有效性与实用性分析 14
4.4.1 有效性论证 14
4.4.2 实用性评价 14
五、结论 15
参考文献 16
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快，地铁作为缓解城市交通压力的重要手段，其建设规模日益扩大。在地铁隧道施工中，盾构法因其高效、安全、环保等优点而被广泛应用。然而，盾构施工过程中不可避免地会对周围地层产生扰动，导致地层变形，进而影响地面建筑、地下管线和地铁隧道自身的安全。因此，对盾构施工中的地层变形进行准确监测和有效控制，是确保地铁隧道施工安全和质量的关键。本文首先介绍了地铁隧道盾构施工的基本原理和流程，分析了盾构施工过程中地层变形的成因和影响因素。地层变形主要由盾构掘进过程中的土体扰动、注浆压力不足、掘进速度不当等因素引起，表现为地面沉降、隆起以及建筑物的倾斜和裂缝等。针对地层变形问题，本文重点探讨了地层变形的监测技术。通过布设地表沉降观测点、深层土体位移监测孔以及建筑物和管线的变形监测点，采用高精度测量仪器和方法，对盾构施工过程中的地层变形进行实时监测和数据分析。同时，结合数值模拟和现场试验等手段，深入研究了地层变形的规律和特点，为控制措施的制定提供了科学依据。在控制措施方面，本文提出了多种有效手段。一是优化盾构掘进参数，如调整前仓压力、控制掘进速度和同步注浆压力等，以减少对周围地层的扰动；二是加强注浆加固措施，通过提高注浆浆液的性能和注浆压力，增强地层的强度和稳定性；三是采取必要的工程措施，如地下连续墙、桩基托换等，对可能受到影响的建筑物和管线进行保护和加固。本文总结了盾构施工中地层变形监测与控制的重要性和必要性，并指出了未来研究的方向和重点。随着地铁建设的不断推进和盾构施工技术的不断发展，地层变形监测与控制将成为一个持续关注的热点问题。通过不断探索和创新，提高监测技术的精度和可靠性，完善控制措施的针对性和有效性，将为地铁隧道施工的安全和质量提供更加坚实的保障。
关键词：地铁隧道；盾构施工；地层变形
Abstract
With the acceleration of the urbanization process, the subway as an important means to relieve the urban traffic pressure, its construction scale is expanding day by day. In subway tunnel construction, shield tunneling method is widely used because of its advantages of high efficiency, safety and environmental protection. However, in the process of shield construction, the surrounding strata will inevitably be disturbed, resulting in formation deformation, which will affect the safety of ground buildings, underground pipelines and subway tunnels. Therefore, accurate monitoring and effective control of formation deformation in shield construction is the key to ensure the safety and quality of subway tunnel construction. This paper first introduces the basic principle and process of shield construction of subway tunnel, analyzes the causes and influencing factors of formation deformation during shield construction. Formation deformation is mainly caused by soil disturbance, insufficient grouting pressure, improper driving speed and other factors in the process of shield tunneling, such as ground subsidence, uplift, incline and crack of buildings. Aiming at the problem of formation deformation, this paper focuses on the monitoring technology of formation deformation. By laying ground settlement observation points, deep soil displacement monitoring holes and deformation monitoring points of buildings and pipelines, high-precision measuring instruments and methods are adopted to carry out real-time monitoring and data analysis of formation deformation during shield construction. At the same time, combined with numerical simulation and field test, the law and characteristics of formation deformation are deeply studied, which provides a scientific basis for the formulation of control measures. In terms of control measures, this paper puts forward a variety of effective means. The first is to optimize the shield tunneling parameters, such as adjusting the front chamber pressure, controlling the tunneling speed and synchronous grouting pressure, so as to reduce the disturbance to the surrounding strata; The second is to strengthen the grouting reinforcement measures to enhance the strength and stability of the stratum by improving the performance of the grouting fluid and the grouting pressure; The third is to take necessary engineering measures, such as underground continuous wall, pile foundation replacement, etc., to protect and reinforce the buildings and pipelines that may be affected. This paper summarizes the importance and necessity of formation deformation monitoring and control in shield construction, and points out the direction and focus of future research. With the continuous development of subway construction and shield construction technology, the monitoring and control of formation deformation will become a hot issue. Through continuous exploration and innovation, improving the accuracy and reliability of monitoring technology and improving the pertinence and effectiveness of control measures will provide a more solid guarantee for the safety and quality of subway tunnel construction.
Key words: Subway tunnel; Shield construction; Formation deformation
目录
一、绪论 4
1.1 研究背景 4
1.2 研究目的及意义 4
1.3 国内外研究现状 4
二、相关技术与理论基础 5
2.1 盾构施工技术概述 5
2.1.1 盾构施工技术的原理 5
2.1.2 盾构施工技术在地铁建设中的应用 5
2.2 地层变形机理 6
2.2.1 地层变形的原因 6
2.2.2 地层变形的影响因素 6
2.3 监测与控制理论 7
2.3.1 监测技术的原理 7
2.3.2 控制技术的方法 7
2.4 理论的技术适用性分析 7
2.4.1 技术可行性 7
2.4.2 适用性评价 8
三、盾构施工中的地层变形监测 9
3.1 监测方案设计 9
3.1.1 监测方案的原则 9
3.1.2 监测参数的确定 9
3.2 监测设备与安装 9
3.2.1 监测设备的选择 9
3.2.2 监测设备的安装与调试 10
3.3 监测数据的采集与处理 10
3.3.1 数据采集方法 10
3.3.2 数据处理与分析 10
3.4 地层变形预测模型 11
3.4.1 预测模型的建立 11
3.4.2 预测模型的验证 11
四、盾构施工中的风险评估与管理 12
4.1 风险识别与评估 12
4.1.1 风险因素的识别 12
4.1.2 风险评估的方法 12
4.2 风险控制与应对策略 12
4.2.1 风险控制的措施 12
4.2.2 应对策略的制定 13
4.3 风险监测与预警系统 13
4.3.1 风险监测的技术 13
4.3.2 预警系统的建立 13
4.4 风险管理的有效性与实用性分析 14
4.4.1 有效性论证 14
4.4.2 实用性评价 14
五、结论 15
参考文献 16
