摘要
本文旨在深入探讨商业银行信贷风险的成因及其有效的防范措施。随着金融市场的日益复杂化与全球化进程的加速，商业银行作为金融体系的核心组成部分，其信贷业务面临的风险日益多元且复杂。信贷风险，作为商业银行经营中最为基础和关键的风险类型之一，直接关乎银行的资产安全、盈利能力及市场信誉。本文首先系统分析了商业银行信贷风险的成因，包括宏观经济环境波动、市场结构变化、企业内部治理不善、信息不对称及道德风险等多方面因素。特别是，经济周期的波动、政策调整的不确定性以及企业信用状况的恶化，都是导致信贷风险增加的重要因素。同时，银行内部信贷管理体系的不完善、风险评估模型的局限性以及信贷操作过程中的违规行为，也进一步加剧了信贷风险。本文重点研究了针对上述成因的防范措施。提出构建全面的信贷风险管理体系，包括完善风险评估与预警机制、加强信贷政策与流程的内部控制、提高信贷人员的专业素养与道德水平、利用大数据与人工智能等先进技术优化信贷审批与监控流程，以及加强与外部信用评级机构、监管机构及行业协会的合作，共同构建良好的信贷生态环境。
关键词：商业银行；信贷风险；成因分析
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the causes of the credit risk of commercial banks and its effective preventive measures. With the increasing complexity of the financial market and the acceleration of the globalization process, commercial banks, as the core component of the financial system, face increasingly diversified and complex risks. Credit risk, as one of the most basic and key risk types in the operation of commercial banks, is directly related to the asset safety, profitability and market reputation of banks. This paper first systematically analyzes the causes of credit risk of commercial banks, including the fluctuation of macroeconomic environment, market structure, poor internal governance, information asymmetry and moral hazard. In particular, the fluctuation of the economic cycle, the uncertainty of policy adjustment and the deterioration of corporate credit status are all important factors leading to the increase of credit risk. At the same time, the imperfect internal credit management system, the limitations of the risk assessment model and the violations in the process of credit operation also further aggravate the credit risk. This paper focuses on the preventive measures for the above causes. Put forward to build a comprehensive credit risk management system, including perfecting the risk assessment and early warning mechanism, strengthen the credit policy and process of internal control, improve the professional quality and moral level of credit personnel, using big data and artificial intelligence and other advanced technology to optimize the credit approval and monitoring process, and strengthen the cooperation with external credit rating agencies, regulators and industry associations, jointly build a good credit ecological environment.
Keywords：Commercial banks; credit risk; cause analysis
目 录
摘要 I
Abstract II
一、绪论 1
（一）研究背景及意义 1
（二）研究目的和内容 1
（三）国内外研究现状 1
二、信贷风险相关概述 3
（一）信贷风险的定义 3
（二）信贷风险的主要类型 3
（三）信贷风险管理的理论基础 3
三、信贷风险管理对商业银行的重要性 5
（一）保障资产安全 5
（二）提升盈利能力 5
（三）增强市场竞争力 5
四、商业银行信贷风险问题的成因分析 7
（一）信贷流程不完善 7
（二）风险评估模型不准确 7
（三）成本控制不严 7
五、商业银行信贷风险的防范策略 9
（一）优化信贷审批流程 9
（二）引进先进风险评估模型 9
（三）实施全面成本管理 9
结 论 11
参考文献 12
