无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用

摘    要

本文概述了无线传感器网络（WSN）的基本概念、架构、关键技术及其在环境监测中的应用和挑战，并提出了应对策略。文章首先定义了WSN，即由大量具备感知、计算和通信能力的传感器节点组成的网络，并介绍了其层次架构，包括感知层、网络层和应用层。并对WSN在环境监测领域应用进行分析，如大气、水质、土壤和生态环境监测，通过实时监测和数据分析为环境保护提供支持。然而，WSN在环境监测中也面临能源限制、通信距离、数据处理和环境因素等挑战。文章针对这些挑战提出了应对策略，包括能源管理、多跳通信、高效通信协议和分布式处理技术，以提升WSN在环境监测中的性能和可靠性。   

关键词：无线传感器  环境监测  通信协议

Abstract 
This paper summarizes the basic concepts, architecture, key technologies of wireless sensor network (WSN) and their application and challenges in environmental monitoring, and proposes coping strategies. This paper first defines WSN, a network composed of a large number of sensor nodes with sensing, computing and communication capabilities, and introduces its hierarchical architecture, including the sensing layer, network layer and application layer. And to analyze the application of WSN in the field of environmental monitoring, such as atmosphere, water quality, soil and ecological environment monitoring, and to provide support for environmental protection through real-time monitoring and data analysis. However, WSN also faces challenges of energy constraints, communication distance, data processing and environmental factors in environmental monitoring. This paper presents coping strategies, including energy management, multi-hop, and communication, efficient communication protocols and distributed processing technologies to improve the performance and reliability of WSN in environmental monitoring. 

Keyword:Wireless sensor  Environment monitoring  Communication protocol

目    录
1 引言 1
2 无线传感器网络概述 1
2.1 无线传感器网络定义 1
2.2 无线传感器网络架构 2
3 无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应用 2
3.1 大气环境监测 2
3.2 水质监测 2
3.3 土壤环境监测 3
3.4 生态环境监测 3
4 无线传感器网络在环境监测中面临的挑战 4
4.1 能源限制与持久性 4
4.2 通信距离受限 4
4.3 数据量大处理难 5
4.4 环境因素复杂多变 5
5 无线传感器网络在环境监测中的应对策略 5
5.1 能量管理策略 5
5.2 扩大通信范围 6
5.3 分布式处理 6
5.4 实时监测运行状态 7
6 结论 7
参考文献 8
致谢 9